论文部分内容阅读
目的:应用快中子束辐照植物育种技术选育出高产且内在质量优良的黄芪新品种。方法:利用不同能区100 ueV/u14N快中子束,辐照剂量为50 Gy,对陇芪1号种子进行辐照处理,然后按作物诱变育种程序,选育出适宜在黄芪主产区栽培,抗逆性强,抗病虫性广,丰产性好,且质量符合中国药典标准的黄芪新品种。结果:选育出的黄芪新品种陇芪3号,多年多点试验平均鲜芪产量9 828 kg/hm2,较对照品种陇芪1号增产17.1%;特、一等品出成率平均53.3%,较对照提高10个百分点;根腐病株率和病情指数分别为25%和8.75%,分别较对照降低3.46和2.79个百分点;内在质量:总灰分2.6%、浸出物31.7%、黄芪甲苷0.089%、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷0.080%,质量显著优于2010年版中国药典标准。结论:选育出的陇芪3号(原代号:黄芪HQN03-03)为黄芪高产优质栽培提供了新的种质资源,并丰富了黄芪育种学理论。适宜在海拔1 600~2 400 m,年降水量450~600 mm的半干旱及二阴生态区应用。
OBJECTIVE: To breed new varieties of Astragalus with high yield and good quality by fast neutron beam irradiation plant breeding technology. Methods: Using 100 ueV / u14N fast neutron beam in different energy regions and irradiation dose of 50 Gy, the Longqian No.1 seeds were irradiated by irradiation, and then the mutagenesis breeding program was selected. Cultivation, strong resistance, broad resistance to pests and diseases, good yield, and the quality of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia new varieties of Astragalus. Results: The new Astragalus bred variety Longqi No.3 had the average yield of 9828kg / hm2 in the multi-year multi-point test, which increased by 17.1% compared with that of Longqian No.1. The yield of special and first-class products was 53.3% , Compared with the control increased by 10 percentage points; root rot rate and disease index were 25% and 8.75%, respectively, compared with the control decreased 3.46 and 2.79 percentage points; intrinsic quality: total ash 2.6%, extract 31.7%, Astragaloside 0.089%, calycosin glucoside 0.080%, the quality is significantly better than the 2010 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia standards. Conclusion: Longqi No.3 (original code: Astragalus HQN03-03) has provided new germplasm resources for high yield and quality cultivation of Astragalus and enriched the theory of astragalus breeding. It is suitable for semi-arid and semi-arid eco-zones at an altitude of 1 600-2 400 m and an annual rainfall of 450-600 mm.