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煤层气是一种天然的可燃气体,在全世界范围内具有巨大的发展潜力。它吸附在煤层中,具有洁净、方便、高效等特点。煤层气作为一种非常规天然气与常规天然气有巨大的差别,主要体现在在成藏机理和开采方式上。研究调查表明,煤层气的成因机制主要有两种类型,分别为生物成因和热成因,其中以热成因为主要因素。而煤层气的赋存机制,则为吸附、游离和溶解三种,其中吸附方式占到了很大的比例。它主要赋存在煤基质孔隙中。煤层气仅仅依靠吸附作用就可以运聚成藏,它不需要天然的圈闭存在。煤层气的含量主要由煤层厚度、煤变质程度、地质构造条件、顶底封闭条件以及水文地质条件等因素决定。
CBM is a natural combustible gas that has tremendous potential for growth around the world. It is adsorbed in the coal seam, with clean, convenient, efficient and so on. There is a huge difference between CBM as an unconventional natural gas and conventional natural gas, which is mainly reflected in the mechanism of hydrocarbon accumulation and the mode of exploitation. Research shows that there are mainly two types of genesis mechanism of CBM, which are biological genesis and thermal genesis, respectively, of which thermal genesis is the major factor. The occuring mechanism of CBM is adsorption, dissociation and dissolution of three kinds, of which adsorption accounted for a large proportion. It is mainly present in coal matrix pores. CBM can migrate and accumulate only by adsorption. It does not need natural traps. The content of CBM is mainly determined by factors such as coal seam thickness, degree of coal metamorphism, geological structure, top and bottom sealing conditions and hydrogeological conditions.