我国是全球22个结核病流行严重的国家之一,同时也是全球27个耐多药结核病(multi-drug resistant tuberculosis,MDR-TB)流行严重的国家之一。根据2007-2008年全国结核病耐药性基线调查结果[1],涂片阳性肺结核患者中耐多药率和广泛耐多药(extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis,XDR-TB)率分别为8.32%和0.68%。MDR-TB与非耐多药结核病相比,具有痰菌阴转慢,传染期长;诊断、治疗、管理复 As one of the 22 countries with serious epidemic of tuberculosis in the world, our country is also one of the 27 countries with severe epidemic of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in the world. According to the National Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Baseline Survey 2007-2008 [1], the rates of MDR and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) in smear-positive TB patients were 8.32% and 0.68 %. MDR-TB compared with non-MDR-TB, with sputum negative slow, long duration of infection; diagnosis, treatment, management of complex