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天津大神堂是我国北方纬度最高的现代活体牡蛎群聚海域,区域内地质条件特殊,生物多样性丰富,贝类生物与砂质沉积物等环境因素共同构成了独特活牡蛎礁海洋生态系统。近几年来,受海洋开发、环境污染、过度捕捞影响,牡蛎礁区面积逐年减缩小,生物资源持续衰退,2013年经国家海洋局批准建立了天津大神堂牡蛎礁国家级海洋特别保护区。为加强海洋特别保护区建设,本文分析了天津大神堂海洋特别保护区的自然条件和现状,探讨了健全管理体系,完善法律法规制度,加强生态环境监测,构建兼顾生态效益和经济效益的可持续利用新模式等问题,以期为天津大神堂牡蛎礁国家级海洋特别保护区的养护及管理提供参考。
Tianjin Dashentang is the modern oyster cluster with the highest latitude in northern China. The geological conditions in this area are special and the biodiversity is rich. The environmental factors such as shellfish and sandy sediments make up the unique live oyster reef marine ecosystem. In recent years, due to the influence of marine development, environmental pollution and overfishing, the area of oyster reefs has been shrinking year by year and biological resources have been declining steadily. In 2013, with approval from the State Oceanic Administration, Tianjin Oiantao Oyster Reef National Marine Special Reserve was established. In order to strengthen the construction of Marine Special Protected Areas, this paper analyzes the natural conditions and present situation of Tianjin Dashen Tang Marine Special Protected Areas, and discusses how to perfect the management system, improve the laws, regulations and systems, strengthen the monitoring of ecological environment, and build a sustainable ecological environment that takes both ecological and economic benefits into account Making use of the new model and other issues with a view to providing reference for the conservation and management of the Tianjin Ondatang Oyster Reef National Marine Special Protection Area.