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目的了解四川藏、羌、汉族儿童青少年体成分状况,分析其在生长发育过程中的变化特点。方法利用生物电流阻抗法(BIA)测定四川省阿坝藏羌自治州7～18岁藏、汉、羌族1822名男女儿童青少年的体成分。结果男、女生瘦体重均随着年龄的增长而增加,且有显著的相关性(r=0.75)。男生的瘦体重年增加值随年龄增长呈增加趋势,女生则随年龄的增长而减少。男生体脂百分比在13.1%～22.3%之间,随着年龄的增长而减少;女生的体脂百分比在23.8%～29.8%之间,随年龄的增加而增加。羌族儿童少年的体脂百分比有高于汉族、藏族的趋势,但男生只在12,15岁时显著高于汉族,女生在12岁时显著高于藏族。结论藏、羌、汉族儿童青少年体成分随着青春发育表现出性别和民族差异,提示性别、民族可能也是造成儿童青少年体成分差异的影响因素。
Objective To understand the body composition of children and adolescents in Tibetan, Qiang and Han nationalities of Sichuan Province and to analyze the characteristics of their changes during their growth and development. Methods The body composition of 1822 boys, girls, adolescents from Tibet, Han and Qiang nationalities from 7 to 18 years old in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province was determined by bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIA). Results The lean body mass of males and females increased with age and had a significant correlation (r = 0.75). The annual increase of lean body mass of boys shows an increasing trend with age, while the number of girls decreases with age. The percentage of body fat in boys ranged from 13.1% to 22.3% and decreased with age. The percentage of body fat in girls ranged from 23.8% to 29.8%, increased with age. The body fat percentage of Qiang children and adolescents is higher than that of Han and Tibetan, but boys are significantly higher than Han nationality only at 12 and 15 years old and girls are significantly higher than those of Tibetan at the age of 12. Conclusion The body composition of Tibetan, Qiang and Han nationality children and adolescents showed gender and national differences with their adolescent development, suggesting that gender and ethnicity may also be the influencing factors of body composition differences among children and adolescents.