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研制了一台探测大气温度、气溶胶、卷云的瑞利-拉曼-米氏激光雷达(RRML),介绍了激光雷达的设计方法,基于单片机实现了光电倍增管门控电路。通过数值模拟计算大气后向散射回波信号,分析仿真信号的特征,作为激光雷达设计的参考。通过设计合理的接收光路,采用极高灵敏度的R4632光电倍增管以及微弱信号光子计数技术,提高瑞利和拉曼微弱信号的信噪比(SNR)。为了实现瑞利-拉曼-米氏激光雷达对大气气溶胶和卷云的联合探测,532nm回波信号采取高低分层技术,通过对气溶胶和卷云的回波光加衰减和探测器门控两种手段相结合,保证了R4632光电培增管极高的灵敏度探测器对大气气溶胶和高层卷云回波信号的线性检测,从而实现一台激光雷达对大气温度、气溶胶和卷云的探测。试验表明,信号检测单元的设计满足测量精度的要求。
A Rayleigh-Raman-Microreas Lidar (RRML) for detecting atmospheric temperature, aerosols and cirrus clouds was developed. The design method of Lidar was introduced. The photomultiplier tube gating circuit was implemented based on singlechip. The atmospheric backscatter echo signal is calculated through numerical simulation, and the characteristics of the simulation signal are analyzed, which is used as the reference of Lidar design. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the weak signal of Rayleigh and Raman is improved by the design of a reasonable receiving optical path, the highly sensitive R4632 photomultiplier tube and the weak signal photon counting technique. In order to achieve Rayleigh-Raman-Mie laser radar joint detection of atmospheric aerosol and cirrus clouds, 532nm echo signals take high and low stratification techniques, through the attenuation of the return wave of aerosol and cirrus clouds and detector gating The combination of these two measures ensures the linear detection of atmospheric aerosols and high-level cirrus echo signals by the highly sensitive detector of the R4632 phototransformer tube in order to realize the effect of a lidar on atmospheric temperature, aerosol and cirrus Probe. Experiments show that the design of signal detection unit meets the requirements of measurement accuracy.