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当山体达到一定高度时出现的森林分布上限———高山林线,归根结底是一条低温界限。逾百年高山林线的观测与研究,旨在阐明高山林线成因以恢复气候高山林线。迄今出现的各种(可归为5类)高山林线成因假说,虽然每一种都可以解释一定地域的高山林线现象,但在全球尺度上,仍然缺乏一种可以普遍解释全球高山林线现象的假说和理论。另外,由于高山区域较少的人类干扰及短(海拔)距离内显著的环境因子梯度、结合高山林线特殊的结构、功能及对气候变化的高度敏感性,林线研究已经成为全球气候变化研究的热点区域之一。本文综述了全球高山林线知识现状,并对将来高山林线研究提出了一些建议。
When the mountain reaches a certain height of the upper limit of the distribution of forests --- high mountain line, after all, is a low temperature limit. Over a hundred years of observation and research on alpine timberline, the purpose is to elucidate the genesis of alpine timberline in order to restore the alpine timberline. So far, all kinds of high mountain forest line hypothesis that can be grouped into five categories can explain the phenomenon of alpine forest line in a certain area. However, on the global scale, there is still a lack of universal explanation for the global high mountain forest line Hypotheses and theories of phenomena. In addition, due to the small human disturbance in the alpine region and the significant gradient of environmental factors in the short (elevation) distance, the forestry research has become a global climate change research in combination with the special structure, function and high sensitivity of the alpine forestline to climate change One of the hot spots. This paper summarizes the current knowledge of the global high mountain line, and puts forward some suggestions on the research of the high mountain line in the future.