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目的:探索基于Python编程的形成性评价在提高神经外科住院医师临床思维能力方面的作用。方法:选择2019年在浙江大学附属邵逸夫医院神经外科进行住院医师规范化培训的116名学员为研究对象，以随机数字表法将其随机分为试验组(49人)和对照组(67人)。试验组学员每周安排1次形成性评价，带教教师使用Python编程快速制作考题并进行快速评价。对照组学员按照常规方式和流程进行培训。培训结束后对两组学员进行出科考试，并收集学员对教学的评价。结果:试验组学员出科考试理论和技能成绩均高于对照组学员[(89.94±5.43)分比(84.82±5.73)分，(80.18±7.23)分比(73.67±7.48)分]，其差异均具有统计学意义(均n P<0.01)。在访谈中，有61.2%(30/49)的试验组学员表示基于Python编程的形成性评价对提高临床思维能力非常有帮助。n 结论:基于Python编程的形成性评价有助于提高神经外科住培学员的临床思维能力，其优点是可以快速、多次实施，可以作为其他形成性评价的有益补充。“,”Objective:To explore the role of formative evaluation based on Python Programming in improving the clinical reasoning by residents in neurosurgery department.Methods:Totally 116 residents trained in neurosurgery department of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University were randomly divided into test group (n n=49) and control group (n n=67). The residents in the control group were trained with the conventional pathway and while the residents in the Python group received formative assessment once a week in addition to the conventional training. Python programming was used in Python group to quickly make examination questions. At the end of the training, the students will join a final exam and their evaluation of teaching will be collected.n Results:The scores of theory and skill in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group [(89.94±5.43) vs. (84.82±5.73), (80.18±7.23) vs. (73.67±7.48), n P<0.01]. In the interview, 61.2% (30/49) of the experimental group students said that the formative evaluation based on python programming was very helpful to improve their capacity of clinical reasoning.n Conclusions:The formative assessment based on Python programming can improve the clinical reasoning by residents. This method can be implemented quickly and more frequently as a supplement for the formative assessment of mini-CEX and DOPS.