试论幕末和明治初期日本＂洋学＂的基本动向冯玮日本近代前后吸收西方文化的历史，大致可以分三期加以考察：（１）１６世纪中叶至１７世纪中叶的一个世纪。（２）１７世纪中叶至１９世纪中叶的两个世纪，即＂锁国时代＂。（３）１９世纪后半的二三十年，即幕末·维新时代... On the Basic Trends of the “Western Learning” in Japan at the End of Bakumatsu and Meiji Period Feng Wei The history of absorbing Western culture around Japan in modern times can be roughly examined in three phases: (1) a century from the middle of the 16th century to the middle of the 17th century. (2) Two centuries from the middle of the seventeenth century to the middle of the nineteenth century, that is, “the era of Locke.” (3) the second half of the 19th century, two or three decades, that is, the end of the curtain era of reform ...