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【目的】基于海棠种质基因库优良品种资源丰富的优势,开展了以‘紫王子’海棠(Malus‘Purple Prince’)为母本的自由授粉子代试验研究,探索其半同胞家系表型特征及育种成效。【方法】运用Shannon-Wiener(H’R)及Pielou(ER)等指数进行14个性状的表型多样性比较,采用频率分布函数法进行亲子代间性状变异趋势及超亲性分析,通过层次分析法(AHP)进行表型性状综合评价。【结果】在表型多样性方面,‘紫王子’海棠半同胞家系14个性状的H’R平均值比疑似父本群体提高了13%,其中地径生长量、分枝数、完全功能叶颜色的H’R和ER超过疑似父本群体23.8%~53.2%。在遗传改良方面,与疑似父本群体相比,半同胞家系中综合性状得分高的优株比例下降了37.0%,紫红叶优株和速生优株的比例分别下降了14.9%和37.5%,但枫叶型、分枝多、通直度高、耐热性强的优株比例分别增加了12.6%、48.3%、28.7%和18.5%;与母本相比,7.8%的优株综合性状得分超过母本;此外,有些单株综合得分略低于母本,但部分单一性状表现比较突出,如F113和F60优株的新叶为鲜见的亮红色,F35和F108优株的叶片为枫叶型,观赏效果佳。【结论】尽管自由授粉降低了优株比例,但有效扩大了子代群体的遗传基础,对部分性状的遗传改良具有明显的效果。
【Aim】 Based on the abundant resources of elite varieties of Begonia germplasm gene pool, we conducted a free pollination progeny trial using ’Malus’ Purple Prince’ as the female parent and explored the phenotypic characteristics of half-sib families And breeding effect. 【Method】 The phenotypic diversity of 14 traits was compared using Shannon-Wiener (H’R) and Pielou (ER) indexes. The frequency distribution function method was used to analyze the trends of variation in progeny and offspring characters and the analysis of super- Analytical method (AHP) for comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits. 【Result】 In terms of phenotypic diversity, the average H’R of 14 traits of ’Ziwangzi’ half-sib family was 13% higher than that of the suspected paternal population, in which the diameter growth, branch number, fully functional leaf H’R and ER over color ranged from 23.8% to 53.2% of the suspected paternal population. In the aspect of genetic improvement, the percentage of elite with high comprehensive characters in half-sib families decreased by 37.0% and the proportion of elite and elite by 14.9% and 37.5%, respectively The proportion of superior plants with maple leaf type, more branches, higher straightness and higher heat resistance increased by 12.6%, 48.3%, 28.7% and 18.5% respectively. Compared with the female parent, the elite with 7.8% In addition, some of the composite score slightly lower than the female parent, but some single traits more prominent, such as F113 and F60 excellent new leaves are rare bright red, F35 and F108 excellent leaves of Maple Leaf type Good viewing. 【Conclusion】 Although free pollination reduced the proportion of elite plants, it effectively expanded the genetic basis of progeny populations and had obvious effect on the genetic improvement of some traits.