本文构造了一个两地区、两部门、异质性企业经济地理模型考察了工业企业生产率异质性对工业集聚的影响。研究结果表明:(1)企业生产率差异越大,工业越趋于集聚;(2)企业生产率下界对工业集聚没有影响;(3)生产率异质性与运输成本对经济集聚的影响方向相反,两者对经济集聚具有替代性作用。本文基于1998-2007年中国工业企业年度调查数据库和省份宏观数据验证了这一结果,这意味着在制定区域经济发展政策和区域再平衡政策时,需要特别考虑企业生产率异质性的作用。 This paper constructs a two-region, two-sector, heterogeneous enterprise economic geography model to examine the influence of industrial productivity heterogeneity on industrial agglomeration. The results of the study show that: (1) The greater the difference in firm productivity, the more the industry tends to gather; (2) The lower bound of firm productivity has no effect on industrial agglomeration; (3) The influence of productivity heterogeneity and transport cost on economic agglomeration is in the opposite direction. The people have an alternative role to economic agglomeration. This paper is based on the 1998-2007 annual survey of China’s industrial enterprises and the provincial macro data to verify this result. This means that when formulating regional economic development policies and regional rebalancing policies, special consideration must be given to the role of firm productivity heterogeneity.