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目的探讨医疗机构建设项目职业病危害预评价过程中存在的问题,为进一步做好此项工作提供依据。方法对河北省71个医疗机构建设项目的职业病危害因素种类、放射工作场所分布、机房屏蔽设计、职业病危害分类等方面进行统计分析,找出预评价过程中存在的问题,论证建设项目的可行性,并从辐射防护最优化与确保安全角度提出放射防护建议。结果 71个医疗机构建设项目中新建项目23个、改建项目39个、迁建及扩建项目9个,其中位于石家庄市的占69.0%;严重类危害项目占建设项目的 24.0%,且有逐年上升的趋势。评价项目职业病危害因素主要为一般类危害项目,占评价总量的76.0%,主要集中在医疗领域的放射诊断与治疗。而根据辐射防护三原则,屏蔽设计符合最优化原则的项目仅占35.2%。结论医疗机构建设项目职业病危害放射防护预评价工作在近几年取得了一定成效,但是仍然存在许多问题,有待提高。
Objective To explore the problems in pre-evaluation of occupational hazards in construction projects of medical institutions, and provide the basis for further doing this work. Methods Statistical analysis was conducted on the types of occupational hazards, the distribution of radiation workplaces, the screening of engine room and the classification of occupational hazards in 71 medical institutions in Hebei Province to find out the problems existing in the process of pre-evaluation and to demonstrate the feasibility of construction projects , And put forward radiological protection suggestions from the perspective of radiation protection optimization and ensuring safety. Results Totally 23 new construction projects, 39 renovation projects and 9 relocation and expansion projects were made in 71 medical institutions, of which 69.0% were located in Shijiazhuang City; 24.0% were serious ones which accounted for 24.0% of the construction projects and were increased year by year the trend of. Evaluation items Occupational hazards are mainly general hazard projects, accounting for 76.0% of the total evaluation, mainly in the medical field of radiation diagnosis and treatment. According to the three principles of radiation protection, shielding design meets the principle of optimization projects accounted for only 35.2%. Conclusion The pre-assessment of occupational hazards in radiation protection projects in medical institutions has achieved some success in recent years, but many problems still remain to be solved.