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随着市场经济的建立与发展,我国水路货物运输价格逐步放开,严重扭曲的价格结构有所改善,企业定价权正趋不断扩大,企业在价格形成中逐步起着主导地位的作用,以市场形成价格的机制正在探索和形成之中。目前主要问题是在管理上还不能适应水运市场形势的变化,管理制度比较陈旧,定价权限过于集中,价格形成机制与水运市场发展不相适应。由于港口价格改革的步子较慢,这些问题相比之下在港口表现得尤为严重。这几年,港航企业的经营陷入困境的状况除了货源、成本、供求、竞争等客观因素外,价格问题是主要的。造成价格方面诸多问题的根本原因是管理层对水路运输价格的认识上存在着误区。主要是: 1.片面强调了交通运输业的社会公共服务性和公益性,而对交通运输所创造的非物质的商品性劳动价值和国民经济发展的先导性有所忽视。致使国家在这个领域长期实行低运价、港口低费率政策,价值规律在这个领域没能得以充分发挥作用。 2.认为运价和港口价格的上调,必然会造成整体物价水平的大幅度上涨,对国民经济的发展不利,这是造成水运价格改革总不能到位、方案难以出台的关键所在。
With the establishment and development of market economy, the price of waterway freight transportation in our country has been gradually liberalized, the price structure with serious distortions has been improved, the pricing power of enterprises has been continuously expanded, and enterprises have gradually taken the leading role in price formation. With the market The mechanism that forms the price is being explored and formed. At present, the main problem is that it still can not adapt to the changes in the water transport market situation in management. The old management system is too old and the pricing power is too concentrated. The price formation mechanism is not compatible with the development of the water transport market. Due to the slow pace of price reform in ports, these problems are especially severe in ports. In recent years, the operation of the port business is in a dilemma. Apart from the objective factors of supply, cost, supply and demand and competition, the price issue is the major one. The root cause of many problems in terms of price is the misunderstanding of management’s understanding of the price of waterway transportation. Mainly: 1. Unilaterally emphasized the social public service and public welfare of the transportation industry, while neglecting the immaterial commodity labor value created by transportation and the leading role of national economic development. As a result, the state has been practicing low tariffs in this area for a long time, and the low-cost port policy and the law of value have not been able to fully play its role in this area. 2. It is believed that an increase in freight rates and port prices will inevitably cause a sharp rise in the overall price level and will be unfavorable to the development of the national economy. This is the key issue that has caused the water price reform to fail to be put in place and is difficult to introduce.