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为了研究含Al和RDX压装混合炸药装药对湿热环境的适应性,将Ф20mm、Ф40mm、Ф60mm、Ф84mm的A-Ⅸ-Ⅱ压装炸药柱在71℃、相对湿度65%的环境条件下老化52d,跟踪记录了药柱的体积、抗压强度、质量、Al粉活性、分解热、真空安定性(VST)、爆发点随老化时间的变化,并用X线断层摄影仪、扫描电镜观察其微观结构。结果表明,湿热老化使药柱体积发生不可逆膨胀、抗压强度变小、部分Al粉被氧化、分解热降低,老化初始阶段变化较快,老化7d后变化趋缓;老化52d后爆发点温度没有明显降低,VST放气量没有增加,表明炸药的热安定性没有退化;药柱的结构完整性存在尺寸效应,直径在60~84mm存在临界值,大于临界值的药柱老化后内部容易产生裂纹;老化后钝感黏结剂破碎、脱粘,导致药柱的抗压强度变小;老化后部分Al粉失活,使得炸药的分解热减少。
In order to study the adaptability of mixed explosives containing Al and RDX to hot and humid environment, A-Ⅸ-Ⅱ compression-packed explosive Ф20mm, Ф40mm, Ф60mm and Ф84mm were aged at 71 ℃ and relative humidity of 65% The volume, compressive strength, mass, Al powder activity, decomposition heat, vacuum stability (VST) and burst point with aging time were tracked and recorded. The microscopic observation was made by X-ray tomography and scanning electron microscope structure. The results showed that the hot and cold aging caused the irreversible expansion of the column volume and the compressive strength became smaller. Some of the Al powder was oxidized and the heat of decomposition decreased. The initial stage of aging changed rapidly and the change slowed down after 7 days of aging. And the VST deflation rate did not increase, indicating that the thermal stability of the explosive did not degrade. The structural integrity of the grain existed size effect, with a critical value of 60-84 mm in diameter. Cracks were likely to occur inside the grain after aging at a grain size larger than the critical value. After aging, the insensitive adhesive crushes and debonds, resulting in a decrease of the compressive strength of the drug column. Inactivation of part of the Al powder after aging makes the decomposition heat of the explosive decrease.