皮肤是人体感受痛、温、触、压等刺激的感受器,皮肤不仅有感觉功能,而且还具有防御、排泄、调节体温及吸收的功能。除此以外皮肤还有免疫功能,因为皮肤的皮脂腺分泌的饱和脂肪酸和汗腺分泌的乳酸以及溶菌酶都具有杀菌作用。皮肤还能制造维生素D,对预防佝偻病有帮助。3岁前孩子皮肤的特点是皮肤薄嫩,血管丰富,防御功能差,因此皮肤易受损伤和发炎。又由于神经系统发育尚不完善,使皮肤对外界的适应能力较差,容易受冷或受热。但孩子皮肤吸收和排泄二氧化碳和水分的能力较成人显著,这是因为孩子处于生长发育阶段,新陈代谢旺盛,皮肤的吸收和排泄也比成人多。 Skin is the human body feel pain, temperature, touch, pressure and other stimuli receptors, the skin not only sensory function, but also has the defense, excretion, regulate body temperature and absorption function. In addition, the skin also has immune function, because the skin of the sebaceous glands secrete saturated fatty acids and lactic acid secretion of lactic acid and lysozyme have a bactericidal effect. The skin can also make vitamin D, to help prevent rickets. 3 years ago children’s skin is characterized by thin and tender skin, rich in blood vessels, poor defensive function, so the skin vulnerable to injury and inflammation. And because the nervous system development is not yet perfect, the skin’s ability to adapt to the outside world is poor, susceptible to cold or heat. However, children’s skin absorbs and excretes carbon dioxide and water more significantly than adults, it is because the child is in the growth and development stage, strong metabolism, skin absorption and excretion more than adults.