中国现代文学所迈出的艰辛的第一步 ,既有其充分的历史必然性 ,也与许多偶然因素的相叠密切关联。胡适与陈独秀的交往与共识 ,留美体验与文字论争 ,文学革命口号的变更与“八事”主张的提出 ,都为胡适《文学改良刍议》的产生和其后文学革命的开端提供了有效的铺垫和动力 ,而鲁迅《狂人日记》的发表 ,则标志着中国现代文学的真正诞生 The difficult first step taken by Chinese modern literature is not only its full historical inevitability but also its close correlation with many contingent factors. Hu Shi and Chen Duxiu’s exchanges and consensus, the experience of the United States and the text controversy, the slogan of literary revolution and the proposition of “eight things” all provided effective ways for Hu Shi’s creation of “literary improvement” and the ensuing literary revolution. Motivation, and the publication of Lu Xun’s “Mad Diary” marks the true birth of modern Chinese literature