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目的对江苏省血防重点地区农村改厕工作取得的卫生、环境、社会和经济等效益进行综合绩效评价。方法抽样选择3个血防重点县(市、区)中8个已完成改厕工作的村为评估村,3个未完成改厕工作的村为对照村。通过现场走访、问卷、查阅资料等方法调查、收集相关数据,并采集厕所的粪水样本进行实验室卫生学和环境学指标检测,综合进行改厕绩效评估。结果共调查11个村、220户居民。评估村三格式无害化卫生厕所拥有率为98.6%,户厕建造质量合格率达98.8%;居民血吸虫、肠道寄生虫感染率和肠道传染病发病率分别比改厕前下降100%、44.5%和34.2%,相关疾病医药费用下降82.8%;实验室检测户厕第三格粪水的粪大肠菌值、化学需氧量、五日生化需氧量及氨氮值,与第一格相比其平均去除率分别为99.99%、68.50%、63.17%和52.30%;村容村貌明显改善,居民对改厕满意度较高、健康知识知晓率和良好卫生行为率明显提高。结论江苏省血防重点地区农村改厕工作在卫生、环境、社会和经济效益等方面取得了明显成效,对推动当地血防工作、促进经济发展,以及社会和谐等起到了重要作用。
Objective To evaluate the health, environmental, social and economic benefits of rural lavatories in the key areas of blood and respiratory protection in Jiangsu Province. Methods Eight of the three blood count key counties (cities, districts) that had completed lavatories were selected as evaluation villages by sampling and three villages without lavatories were selected as control villages. Through site visits, questionnaires, access to information and other methods of investigation, collect the relevant data, and collect toilets of fecal samples for laboratory hygiene and environmental indicators detection, comprehensive assessment of lavatories performance. Results A total of 11 villages and 220 households were surveyed. The assessment of village sanitation sanitation toilet ownership rate was 98.6%, household toilet construction quality pass rate of 98.8%; resident schistosomiasis, intestinal parasitic infection and intestinal infectious disease incidence decreased 100% than before the toilet, 44.5% and 34.2% respectively, while the medical cost of related diseases dropped by 82.8%. The fecal coliform value, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen value of the third toilet in the laboratory were the same as the first grid The average removal rates were 99.99%, 68.50%, 63.17% and 52.30% respectively. The village appearance was significantly improved and the residents were more satisfied with the lavatories. The awareness rate of health knowledge and the rate of good health behaviors were significantly improved. Conclusion The lavatories in rural areas in Jiangsu Province have made remarkable achievements in terms of health, environment, social and economic benefits, and have played an important role in promoting local blood and air defense work, promoting economic development, and social harmony.