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摘要 [目的]初步探明中药商陆卤虫毒活性部位。[方法]干燥的商陆粉末以70%乙醇、80 ℃提取3 h,减压回收乙醇获商陆乙醇总提物。总提物溶于水,依次以石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,回收萃取液获商陆乙醇总提物石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相及水相,以卤虫毒活性为评价依据,分别配制0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 mg/mL溶液,测定其卤虫毒活性。[结果]石油醚相剂量组培养6 h后,各浓度组卤虫校正死亡率均达100%。采用正向硅胶柱50 ∶1石油醚—乙酸乙酯、10 ∶1石油醚—乙酸乙酯、3 ∶1石油醚—乙酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、甲醇梯度洗脱,将石油醚相分成5个组分不同的部位,各部位的活性均低于石油醚相。[结论]商陆卤虫毒活性成分主要集中在石油醚相。
关键词 商陆;细胞毒;活性物质;活性追踪法
中图分类号 S567.23 文献标识码
A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)29-0117-03
Study on the Cytotoxic Active Substance of Phytolacca Americana L.Based on Activity Tracing Method
CHEN Chuanping1,ZANG Zongwu2,CHEN Naidong2
(1.West Anhui Heath Vocational College,Lu’an,Anhui 237005; 2.College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering,West Anhui University,Lu’an,Anhui 237012)
Abstract [Objective] The research aimed to proven preliminarily the active parts of Artemia poison of Phytolacca Americana.[Method]The dried powder of Phytolacca Americana was extracted with 70% ethanol and 80 ℃ for 3 h,and the total ethanol extract was obtained by recovering ethanol under reduced pressure.The total extract was dissolved in water,followed by extraction with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and nbutanol,the ethanol ether phase,ethyl acetate phase,nbutanol phase and water phase of the ethanol total extract of Phytolacca Americana was obtained by recovering the extract.Based on the evaluation basis of the artemia poison activity,the solution of 0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0 mg/mL were prepared,respectively and their activities were determined.[Result]Petroleum ether phase dose group was cultured after 6 hours,the corrected mortality rate was 100% in each concentration group.The gradient elution was carried out using positive silica column 50 ∶1 petroleum etherethyl acetate,10 ∶1 petroleum etherethyl acetate,3 ∶1 petroleum etherethyl acetate,ethyl acetate,the petroleum ether phase was divided into different parts of the five components,the activity of each part was lower than that of petroleum ether phase.[Conclusion]The active ingredients of Artemia poison of Phytolacca Americana were mainly concentrated in petroleum ether phase.
Key words Phytolacca Americana L.;Artemia poison;Active substance;Activity tracing method
基金項目 安徽省教育厅2015年度高校自然科学基金(KJ2015A361)。
作者简介 陈传平(1972—),男,安徽庐江人,副教授,硕士,从事天然产物开发与利用研究。
收稿日期 2017-08-04
商陆(Phytolacca Americana L.)为多年生草本植物,喜温暖、阴湿环境,主要分布在河南、安徽、湖北等地。商陆中含三萜皂苷类、多糖、氨基酸、有机酸等化合物,具有祛痰、平喘、镇咳、胀满、喉痹、痈肿等功效,是传统中药之一[1]。
卤虫(Artemia)属甲壳动物亚门(Crustacea) 鳃足纲(Branchiopoda)无甲目(Anostaca)卤虫科 (Artemidae)[2-3],由于个体小、繁殖速度快而被作为基础研究材料广泛应用于生理学、毒理学、生态学等学科的研究[4-5]。研究发现,药物的卤虫毒活性与其细胞毒活性存在相关性[6-8],已有大量卤虫用于抗肿瘤活性早期筛选的报道[9-10],卤虫毒活性评价作为天然药物及中药提取物的初步细胞毒活性评价方法已逐渐为众多研究者接受[11-12]。 近年來,随着中草药的开发与研究,人们发现商陆具有一定的抗肿瘤作用,但作用物质基础不明,成药性差。笔者采用活性追踪法,依据卤虫毒活性筛选,追踪商陆抗肿瘤成分,为中药材商陆进一步开发、利用和保护提供理论依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
1.1.1 供试材料。商陆,购自安徽省亳州市中药材大市场,品种经鉴定为美洲商陆(Phytolacca Americana L.)。
1.1.2 供试昆虫。卤虫卵(Artemia salina),购自山东滨州金太阳生物科技有限公司。
1.1.3 仪器。
旋转蒸发器(RE-2000A型,上海亚荣生化仪器厂),循环水式多用真空泵(SHB-3S型,郑州长城科工贸有限公司),分析天平(FA1004型,中国上海精科有限公司),实验室振荡器摇床(HY-4A型,新瑞仪器)。
1.1.4 试剂。
甲醇(河北四友卓越科技有限公司),无水乙醇(山东临沂贝斯特化工有限公司),正丁醇(淄博品易经贸有限公司),乙酸乙酯(济南世纪通达化工有限公司),石油醚(郑州荣腾化工原料有限公司),以上试剂均为国产分析纯。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 样品获取。
新鲜商陆根洗净、103 ℃烘干至恒重、粉碎, 70%乙醇80 ℃冷凝回流提取3.0 h,过滤、滤液减压回收乙醇至无醇味,加水适当稀释后,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,得乙醇总提物的石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相及水相,每相提取物分别以1.5%NaCl溶液配制成浓度为0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 mg/mL的溶液,测定卤虫毒活性。
1.2.2 卤虫培养。
根据前人研究方法[13-15],取低温保存的卤虫虫卵,纯水浸泡2 h后过滤,加入新配制1.5%NaCl溶液(用前以20% NaOH溶液调节pH至8.2~8.3),28 ℃摇床振荡培养24 h。
1.2.3 卤虫毒活性计算方法。采用校正死亡率评价石斛多糖卤虫毒活性,计算公式为:校正死亡率=(空白存活数-加样存活数)/空白存活数×100%。
2 结果与分析
2.1 萃取相的卤虫毒活性研究
由表1可知,当给药时间分别为3和6 h时,卤虫校正死亡率与各相浓度均呈明显的量效关系与时效关系。卤虫校正死亡率大多随着各相浓度增大而增大,其中石油醚相对卤虫毒活性明显强于各组,石油醚相剂量组培养6 h后,各浓度组卤虫校正死亡率均达100%。
2.2 石油醚柱层析分离相的卤虫毒活性研究
石油醚萃取物的柱层析分离,石油醚萃取物(A)的分离:石油醚萃取物(621 g)以石油醚 ∶乙酸乙酯(50 ∶1、10 ∶1、3 ∶1),乙酸乙酯各为5 000 mL为洗脱剂进行硅胶柱层析,最后用甲醇压柱,通过TLC分析合并为5个馏分,分别记为A1、A2、A3、A4、A5。
由表2可知,石油醚相不同段对卤虫生长抑制效果不同,当给药时间分别为3和6 h时,其中A5对卤虫毒活性明显强于各组。
3 结论与讨论
商陆提取物卤虫活性成分主要集中在石油醚萃取相的A5组分中。前期的研究结果表明,商陆醇提取物经不同溶剂萃取后,所得各萃取段对卤虫活性有差异,其中石油醚萃取物的活性明显高于其他相。在此基础上,该研究着重对石油醚萃取物进行了进一步分离,以明确卤虫毒活性成分所在部位,试验结果表明,经过一级柱层析,该相萃取物中杀虫活性成分的分布有差异,石油醚萃取物的卤虫毒活性成分主要集中在A5段,在整个石油醚萃取物中极性处于偏小,表明商陆中毒活性成分为小极性物质。
参考文献
[1]
田普永.商陆的药理作用及临床应用[J].西北药学杂志,1989,4(1):33-35.
[2] 廖永岩,夏营顺,何碧华.不同投饵密度对卤虫高密度养殖的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(26):16149-16153,16179.
[3] 张登沥,刘其根.饵料对卤虫生长和生殖的影响[J].上海水产大学学报,2000,9(2):93-96.
[4] 黄旭雄,王瑞,吕耀平,等.不同强化饵料对卤虫必需脂肪酸组成的影响[J].水产科学,2005,24(10):1-4.
[5] 黄旭雄.卤虫的营养[J].水产科学,2007,26(11):628-631.
[6] JEON S H,CHUN W,CHOI Y J,et al.Cytotoxic constituents from the bark of Salix hulteni[J].Arch Pharm Res,2008,31(8): 978-982.
[7] LUO X M,HE W H,YIN H,et al.Two new coumarins from Micromelum falcatum with cytotoxicity and brine shrimp larvae toxicity [J].Molecules,2012,17(6):6944-6952.
[8] HULLATTI K K,MURTHY U D.Activity guided isolation of cytotoxic compounds from Indian medicinal plants using BSL bioassay [J].J Cur Pharm Res,2010,14(1): 16-21.
[9] AHASAN N B,ISLAM M R.Cytotoxicity study of pyrazole derivatives[J].Bangladesh J Pharmacol,2007,2(2):81-87. [10] CARBALLO J L,HERNNDEZINDA Z L,PREZ P,et al.A comparison between two brine shrimp assays to detect in vitro cytotoxicity in marine natural products[J].BMC biotechnology,2002,2:17.
[11] BISWAS S K,CHOWDHURY A,DAS J,et al.Phytochemical investigation with assessment of cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities of the ethanol extract of Elaeocarpus serratus[J].American journal of plant physiology,2012,7(1):47-52.
[12] AHMAD B,AZAM S,BASHIR S,et al.Insecticidal,brine shrimp cytotoxicity,antifungal and nitric oxide free radical scavenging activities of the aerial parts of Myrsine africana L.[J].African journal of biotechnology,2011,10(8): 1448-1453.
[13] NONDO R S O,MBWAMBO Z H,KIDUKULI A W,et al.Larvicidal,antimicrobial and brine shrimp activities of extracts from Cissampelos mucronata and Tephrosia villosa from coast region,Tanzania [J].BMC complementary and alternative medicine,2011,11:33-35.
[14] LIN X P,ZHOU X F,WANG F Z,et al.A new cytotoxic sesquiterpene quinone produced by Penicillium sp.F00120 isolated from a deep sea sediment sample[J].Mar Drugs,2012,10(1):106-115.
[15] BADISA R B,DARLINGREED S F,JOSEPH P,et al.Selective cytotoxic activities of two novel synthetic drugs on human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells[J].Anticancer Res,2009,29(8): 2993-2996.
关键词 商陆;细胞毒;活性物质;活性追踪法
中图分类号 S567.23 文献标识码
A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)29-0117-03
Study on the Cytotoxic Active Substance of Phytolacca Americana L.Based on Activity Tracing Method
CHEN Chuanping1,ZANG Zongwu2,CHEN Naidong2
(1.West Anhui Heath Vocational College,Lu’an,Anhui 237005; 2.College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering,West Anhui University,Lu’an,Anhui 237012)
Abstract [Objective] The research aimed to proven preliminarily the active parts of Artemia poison of Phytolacca Americana.[Method]The dried powder of Phytolacca Americana was extracted with 70% ethanol and 80 ℃ for 3 h,and the total ethanol extract was obtained by recovering ethanol under reduced pressure.The total extract was dissolved in water,followed by extraction with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and nbutanol,the ethanol ether phase,ethyl acetate phase,nbutanol phase and water phase of the ethanol total extract of Phytolacca Americana was obtained by recovering the extract.Based on the evaluation basis of the artemia poison activity,the solution of 0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0 mg/mL were prepared,respectively and their activities were determined.[Result]Petroleum ether phase dose group was cultured after 6 hours,the corrected mortality rate was 100% in each concentration group.The gradient elution was carried out using positive silica column 50 ∶1 petroleum etherethyl acetate,10 ∶1 petroleum etherethyl acetate,3 ∶1 petroleum etherethyl acetate,ethyl acetate,the petroleum ether phase was divided into different parts of the five components,the activity of each part was lower than that of petroleum ether phase.[Conclusion]The active ingredients of Artemia poison of Phytolacca Americana were mainly concentrated in petroleum ether phase.
Key words Phytolacca Americana L.;Artemia poison;Active substance;Activity tracing method
基金項目 安徽省教育厅2015年度高校自然科学基金(KJ2015A361)。
作者简介 陈传平(1972—),男,安徽庐江人,副教授,硕士,从事天然产物开发与利用研究。
收稿日期 2017-08-04
商陆(Phytolacca Americana L.)为多年生草本植物,喜温暖、阴湿环境,主要分布在河南、安徽、湖北等地。商陆中含三萜皂苷类、多糖、氨基酸、有机酸等化合物,具有祛痰、平喘、镇咳、胀满、喉痹、痈肿等功效,是传统中药之一[1]。
卤虫(Artemia)属甲壳动物亚门(Crustacea) 鳃足纲(Branchiopoda)无甲目(Anostaca)卤虫科 (Artemidae)[2-3],由于个体小、繁殖速度快而被作为基础研究材料广泛应用于生理学、毒理学、生态学等学科的研究[4-5]。研究发现,药物的卤虫毒活性与其细胞毒活性存在相关性[6-8],已有大量卤虫用于抗肿瘤活性早期筛选的报道[9-10],卤虫毒活性评价作为天然药物及中药提取物的初步细胞毒活性评价方法已逐渐为众多研究者接受[11-12]。 近年來,随着中草药的开发与研究,人们发现商陆具有一定的抗肿瘤作用,但作用物质基础不明,成药性差。笔者采用活性追踪法,依据卤虫毒活性筛选,追踪商陆抗肿瘤成分,为中药材商陆进一步开发、利用和保护提供理论依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
1.1.1 供试材料。商陆,购自安徽省亳州市中药材大市场,品种经鉴定为美洲商陆(Phytolacca Americana L.)。
1.1.2 供试昆虫。卤虫卵(Artemia salina),购自山东滨州金太阳生物科技有限公司。
1.1.3 仪器。
旋转蒸发器(RE-2000A型,上海亚荣生化仪器厂),循环水式多用真空泵(SHB-3S型,郑州长城科工贸有限公司),分析天平(FA1004型,中国上海精科有限公司),实验室振荡器摇床(HY-4A型,新瑞仪器)。
1.1.4 试剂。
甲醇(河北四友卓越科技有限公司),无水乙醇(山东临沂贝斯特化工有限公司),正丁醇(淄博品易经贸有限公司),乙酸乙酯(济南世纪通达化工有限公司),石油醚(郑州荣腾化工原料有限公司),以上试剂均为国产分析纯。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 样品获取。
新鲜商陆根洗净、103 ℃烘干至恒重、粉碎, 70%乙醇80 ℃冷凝回流提取3.0 h,过滤、滤液减压回收乙醇至无醇味,加水适当稀释后,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,得乙醇总提物的石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相及水相,每相提取物分别以1.5%NaCl溶液配制成浓度为0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 mg/mL的溶液,测定卤虫毒活性。
1.2.2 卤虫培养。
根据前人研究方法[13-15],取低温保存的卤虫虫卵,纯水浸泡2 h后过滤,加入新配制1.5%NaCl溶液(用前以20% NaOH溶液调节pH至8.2~8.3),28 ℃摇床振荡培养24 h。
1.2.3 卤虫毒活性计算方法。采用校正死亡率评价石斛多糖卤虫毒活性,计算公式为:校正死亡率=(空白存活数-加样存活数)/空白存活数×100%。
2 结果与分析
2.1 萃取相的卤虫毒活性研究
由表1可知,当给药时间分别为3和6 h时,卤虫校正死亡率与各相浓度均呈明显的量效关系与时效关系。卤虫校正死亡率大多随着各相浓度增大而增大,其中石油醚相对卤虫毒活性明显强于各组,石油醚相剂量组培养6 h后,各浓度组卤虫校正死亡率均达100%。
2.2 石油醚柱层析分离相的卤虫毒活性研究
石油醚萃取物的柱层析分离,石油醚萃取物(A)的分离:石油醚萃取物(621 g)以石油醚 ∶乙酸乙酯(50 ∶1、10 ∶1、3 ∶1),乙酸乙酯各为5 000 mL为洗脱剂进行硅胶柱层析,最后用甲醇压柱,通过TLC分析合并为5个馏分,分别记为A1、A2、A3、A4、A5。
由表2可知,石油醚相不同段对卤虫生长抑制效果不同,当给药时间分别为3和6 h时,其中A5对卤虫毒活性明显强于各组。
3 结论与讨论
商陆提取物卤虫活性成分主要集中在石油醚萃取相的A5组分中。前期的研究结果表明,商陆醇提取物经不同溶剂萃取后,所得各萃取段对卤虫活性有差异,其中石油醚萃取物的活性明显高于其他相。在此基础上,该研究着重对石油醚萃取物进行了进一步分离,以明确卤虫毒活性成分所在部位,试验结果表明,经过一级柱层析,该相萃取物中杀虫活性成分的分布有差异,石油醚萃取物的卤虫毒活性成分主要集中在A5段,在整个石油醚萃取物中极性处于偏小,表明商陆中毒活性成分为小极性物质。
参考文献
[1]
田普永.商陆的药理作用及临床应用[J].西北药学杂志,1989,4(1):33-35.
[2] 廖永岩,夏营顺,何碧华.不同投饵密度对卤虫高密度养殖的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(26):16149-16153,16179.
[3] 张登沥,刘其根.饵料对卤虫生长和生殖的影响[J].上海水产大学学报,2000,9(2):93-96.
[4] 黄旭雄,王瑞,吕耀平,等.不同强化饵料对卤虫必需脂肪酸组成的影响[J].水产科学,2005,24(10):1-4.
[5] 黄旭雄.卤虫的营养[J].水产科学,2007,26(11):628-631.
[6] JEON S H,CHUN W,CHOI Y J,et al.Cytotoxic constituents from the bark of Salix hulteni[J].Arch Pharm Res,2008,31(8): 978-982.
[7] LUO X M,HE W H,YIN H,et al.Two new coumarins from Micromelum falcatum with cytotoxicity and brine shrimp larvae toxicity [J].Molecules,2012,17(6):6944-6952.
[8] HULLATTI K K,MURTHY U D.Activity guided isolation of cytotoxic compounds from Indian medicinal plants using BSL bioassay [J].J Cur Pharm Res,2010,14(1): 16-21.
[9] AHASAN N B,ISLAM M R.Cytotoxicity study of pyrazole derivatives[J].Bangladesh J Pharmacol,2007,2(2):81-87. [10] CARBALLO J L,HERNNDEZINDA Z L,PREZ P,et al.A comparison between two brine shrimp assays to detect in vitro cytotoxicity in marine natural products[J].BMC biotechnology,2002,2:17.
[11] BISWAS S K,CHOWDHURY A,DAS J,et al.Phytochemical investigation with assessment of cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities of the ethanol extract of Elaeocarpus serratus[J].American journal of plant physiology,2012,7(1):47-52.
[12] AHMAD B,AZAM S,BASHIR S,et al.Insecticidal,brine shrimp cytotoxicity,antifungal and nitric oxide free radical scavenging activities of the aerial parts of Myrsine africana L.[J].African journal of biotechnology,2011,10(8): 1448-1453.
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