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近红外激发/可见或近红外发射的上转换荧光纳米材料在近十年得到了迅速的发展,其在生物领域如生物检测、荧光成像、光动力治疗和药物运输等方面有着广泛的应用。目前利用油酸、油胺等作为表面活性剂,采用高温热分解法、高温共沉淀法、溶剂热法等都能合成粒径均一、发光较强、在环己烷等非极性溶剂中分散性很好的上转换荧光纳米颗粒,但此类方法合成的纳米粒子表面包覆了一层憎水的油酸或油胺分子,需要进行表面修饰,使其在水相分散后才能进行后续的生物应用。现阶段憎水相转亲水相的修饰方法主要有配体交换、配体氧化、两亲配体包覆、二氧化硅包覆等,本文将对这些表面修饰的方法逐一进行介绍并对比其优缺点。
Up-conversion fluorescent nanomaterials with near-infrared excitation / visible or near-infrared emission have been rapidly developed in recent ten years and have been widely used in biological fields such as biological detection, fluorescence imaging, photodynamic therapy and drug transportation. Currently, oleic acid, oleylamine and the like are used as the surface active agent, and high temperature thermal decomposition method, high temperature coprecipitation method, solvothermal method and the like can be used to synthesize a uniform particle size, strong luminescence and disperse in a nonpolar solvent such as cyclohexane However, the surface of nanoparticles prepared by this method is coated with a layer of hydrophobic oleic acid or oleylamine molecule, which needs to be surface-modified to be dispersed in the aqueous phase for subsequent Biological applications. At this stage, the methods for the modification of the hydrophobic phase to the hydrophilic phase are mainly ligand exchange, ligand oxidation, amphiphilic ligand coating and silica coating. In this paper, the methods of surface modification are introduced and compared one by one Advantages and disadvantages.