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目的了解南通市第一人民医院新生儿首针乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗和卡介苗接种情况和未及时接种原因,探讨提高新生儿乙肝疫苗和卡介苗及时接种率和接种率的对策。方法调查2008—2011年新生儿接种登记资料,对新生儿预防接种情况及未接种原因进行统计分析。结果 2008—2011年6 402名活产新生儿首针乙肝疫苗及时接种率在94.55%～95.18%,乙肝疫苗接种率在94.68%～98.91%;卡介苗及时接种率在90.07%～92.06%,卡介苗接种率在91.98%～94.98%。不同年份乙肝疫苗及时接种率、卡介苗及时接种率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同年份乙肝疫苗接种率、卡介苗接种率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2008、2009年乙肝疫苗和卡介苗及时接种率和接种率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2010、2011年乙肝疫苗和卡介苗及时接种率和接种率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。乙肝疫苗未及时接种主要原因是:早产儿和患病儿,分别占未及时接种者的82.98%和12.46%。卡介苗未及时接种主要原因是:早产儿和患病儿,分别占未及时接种者的58.00%和42.00%。结论该院新生儿乙肝疫苗和卡介苗接种工作开展较好,接种率呈逐年上升趋势。由临产室尽早为新生儿接种首针乙肝疫苗,提高外来孕妇产检率,正确把握接种禁忌证,出院前符合接种要求的新生儿由新生儿室补种,是提高新生儿首针乙肝疫苗和卡介苗及时接种率和接种率的有效措施。
Objective To understand the first dose of Hepatitis B (hepatitis B) vaccine and BCG vaccination in Newborns in Nantong First People’s Hospital and the reasons for the lack of timely vaccination, and to explore ways to improve timely vaccination rate and inoculation rate of neonatal hepatitis B vaccine and BCG vaccine. Methods The data of newborns inoculation from 2008 to 2011 were surveyed to make a statistical analysis on the reasons of neonatal vaccination and the causes of unvaccination. Results The timely immunization coverage rate of live-born newborns with live birth was 94.55% ~ 95.18% during the period of 2008-2011, and the rate of hepatitis B vaccination was 94.68% ~ 98.91%. The timely vaccination rate of BCG was 90.07% ~ 92.06% Rates ranged from 91.98% to 94.98%. Vaccination rates of timely vaccination of hepatitis B in different years, BCG timely vaccination rate, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Hepatitis B vaccination rate in different years, BCG vaccination rate, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the timely vaccination rate and inoculation rate of hepatitis B vaccine and BCG between 2008 and 2009 (P> 0.05). 2010, 2011, hepatitis B vaccine and BCG timely inoculation rate and vaccination rate, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Hepatitis B vaccine is not timely inoculation is mainly due to: premature children and sick children, accounting for 82.98% and 12.46% were not timely vaccination. BCG is not timely inoculation of the main reasons are: premature children and sick children, respectively, not timely vaccination of 58.00% and 42.00%. Conclusion The hospital neonatal hepatitis B vaccine and BCG vaccination carried out better, the vaccination rate showed an upward trend year by year. As soon as possible from the labor room for newborns inoculated with the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine to improve the rate of foreign pregnant women, the correct grasp of vaccination contraindications, in line with the vaccination requirements before discharge neonatal re-implantation of neonatal room is to improve the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine and BCG Timely vaccination rate and vaccination rate of effective measures.