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专利与产业标准是经济的双刃剑。适当的挥舞会增进市场的有效性,但如果部署不当,它们将成为垄断利益的有力引擎。标准一般注意广泛使用所带来的利益,而专利却有意阻碍这个目标的实现,当专利控制产业标准时,达到适当的平衡就是一个极为复杂而有挑战的任务。国际标准组织要求标准组织参与者披露所有潜在相关的专利及申请,并且要求按照FRAND(公平合理无歧视)原则~([1])进行专利许可。FRAND原则许可的模糊性以及标准组织提供的事前合作模式会使一部分专利权人趁此机会在整个行业不知情的情况下实施专利劫持。反垄断法本身不确定的吓阻性、耗时性及高昂的实施成本可能会降低标准组织的参与性,本文通过欧美相关制度及案例的比较分析,结合我国执法、司法的规制现状,提出了反垄断法核心设施理论在标准必要专利案中的适用标准即坚持严格适用标准及审慎适用理念。
Patents and industry standards are the double-edged sword of the economy. Appropriately waving will enhance the effectiveness of the market, but if not properly deployed, they will become powerful engines of monopoly interests. Standards generally pay attention to the benefits of widespread use, and patents are intended to hinder the realization of this goal. When the patent controls industrial standards, an appropriate balance can be an extremely complicated and challenging task. The International Standards Organization asks participants in the Standards Organization to disclose all potentially relevant patents and applications and to request patent licenses under the FRAND (Fair and Reasonable Non-Discrimination) Principle (1). The ambiguity permitted by the FRAND principle and the ex ante mode of cooperation provided by the standards bodies give some patentees an opportunity to impose patent hijackings without the knowledge of the entire industry. The uncertainties of antitrust law itself, such as deterrence, time-consuming and high implementation cost, may reduce the participation of standard organizations. Based on the comparative analysis of the relevant systems and cases in Europe and the United States and the status quo of law enforcement and judicial regulation in our country, The antitrust law core facilities theory in the standard essential patent case of the applicable standards that adhere to the strict application of standards and prudent application of the concept.