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本文从变异性分析、相关分析和构建系统聚类树方面系统地研究了苎麻属野生近缘种5组26种(变种)的基本形态生物学特征。结果表明:1)苎麻、大叶苎麻、序叶苎麻、细野麻这4个野生种形态的丰富变化主要集中在叶色、叶脉色、托叶色、叶缘锯齿这几种表型。2)苎麻属各野生种表型之间叶形与叶基特性的关系非常紧密,其余的形态表型之间没有发现显著的相关。3)苎麻组组内演化关系为微绿苎麻→青叶苎麻→苎麻、贴毛苎麻。苎麻和贴毛苎麻都起源于青叶苎麻。4)苎麻属野生种种间的系统聚类树显示,处在最低位置的苎麻属组群是帚序苎麻组和腋球苎麻组,序叶苎麻组位于中间位置,苎麻组和大叶苎麻组则是位于最高位置的苎麻属组群,苎麻组和大叶苎麻组的亲缘关系更加紧密。该研究结果对进一步研究苎麻属野生近缘种分类及系统演化提供了基础。
In this paper, we systematically studied the basic morphological and biological characteristics of 26 species (varieties) from five groups of wild relatives of ramie from the aspects of variability analysis, correlation analysis and the construction of phylogenetic tree. The results showed that: 1) The rich morphological changes of four wild species, ramie, big leaf ramie, leaf ramie, and fine wild flax mainly focused on leaf phenotype, vein color, stipule color and leaf margin sawtooth. 2) There is a close relationship between leaf phenotypes and leaf base phenotypes among all wild species of ramie. No significant correlation was found between the other morphological phenotypes. 3) The evolutionary relationship of ramie group is micro-green ramie → green leaf ramie → ramie and ramie. Ramie and Mao Mao ramie have originated in green leaf ramie. 4) The phylogenetic tree among wild ramie showed that the lowest ramie genus was ramie group and ramie ramie group, the ramie group was in the middle position and the ramie group and big ramie group were Is located in the highest position of the ramie group, ramie group and leaf ramie group more closely related. The results of this study provide a basis for further studying the taxonomy and phylogeny of ramie wild relatives.