六十年代Rugh报道了电离辐射可引起外周血淋巴细胞微核增加。国内七十年代开始研究大剂量辐照离体人血,发现T淋巴细胞微核出现率与剂量呈明显的线性关系,并认为微核率与染色体畸变有一定的依从关系,可作为辐射损伤的生物剂量计。当发生急性意外照射时,测定血培养的T淋巴细胞微核率来估算某些用物理剂量仪难以测准的辐射剂量,这样能更全面地了解实际的受照情况,是一项具有实用价值 In the 1960s, Rugh reported that ionizing radiation can cause increased micronuclei in peripheral blood lymphocytes. In the 1970s, a large dose of irradiated human blood was studied. It was found that there was a clear linear relationship between the frequency of micronuclei and the dose of T lymphocytes. The micronucleus rate and chromosomal aberrations were considered to have a certain degree of compliance and could be used as radiation damage. Biological dosimeter. When acute accidental irradiation occurs, the micronucleus rate of T-lymphocytes in blood cultures is measured to estimate certain radiation doses that are difficult to measure with physical dosimeters. This can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the actual exposure conditions and is of practical value.