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目的了解大同市麻疹流行病学特征,为消除麻疹提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析大同市2004-2009年麻疹监测资料。结果 6年共报告病例2 647例,年平均报告发病率14.01/10万,经济发达、流动人口多的县区年平均报告发病率在20/10万左右。发病呈明显的季节性,5月份为高峰,4~6月为高发。≤14岁病例,占总病例的82.21%,暴发病例占8.58%。有麻疹疫苗(MV)免疫史的占16.25%,无免疫史的占26.39%,免疫史不详的占57.36%。血标本采集率23.83%,麻疹IgM抗体阳性率76.70%。结论 MV接种率低是造成麻疹发病的主要原因。确保高水平2剂次MV接种率,加强流动人口管理,定期开展强化免疫是控制麻疹的主要策略。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Datong and provide a basis for the elimination of measles. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of measles surveillance in Datong from 2004 to 2009. Results A total of 2 647 cases were reported in 6 years, with an average annual incidence of 14.01 / 100 000. The annual average incidence of the economically developed and migrant counties was about 20 / 100,000. The incidence was significantly seasonal, peaked in May, April to June for the high incidence. ≤14 years of age cases, accounting for 82.21% of the total cases, outbreaks accounted for 8.58%. Immunization with measles vaccine (MV) accounted for 16.25%, 26.39% without immunization history, unknown history of immunization accounted for 57.36%. Blood samples collected rate of 23.83%, measles IgM antibody positive rate of 76.70%. Conclusion MV vaccination rate is the main reason for the incidence of measles. To ensure a high level of 2 doses of MV vaccination rate, to strengthen the management of floating population, regular immunization is the main strategy to control measles.