目的探讨后入路腹腔镜下肾囊肿去顶术的方法和术后疗效。方法20例均在全麻下用自制水囊建立后腹膜腔,距肾实质5mm用电钩或电剪切除囊壁。结果所有囊肿均顺利去顶,手术时间30～90min,平均35min,术中出血量10～80ml,平均30ml,术后住院3～10d,所有病理报告均为良性病变,随访1～12个月,20例未见囊肿复发。结论后入路腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术安全、有效。 Objective To explore the method of retroperitoneal laparoscopic removal of renal cyst and its curative effect. Methods Twenty patients underwent general anesthesia with a self-made water balloon to establish a retroperitoneal space, 5mm away from the parenchyma of the kidney. Results All the cysts were successfully removed. The operation time ranged from 30 to 90 minutes, with an average of 35 minutes. The intraoperative blood loss was from 10 to 80ml, with an average of 30ml. The postoperative hospitalization was performed within 3 to 10 days. All the pathological reports were benign and were followed up for 1 to 12 months. Twenty patients had no cyst recurrence. Conclusions Retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal cyst debridement is safe and effective.