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在西方近代司法观念影响下,中国传统监犯服役概念至近代被西方的“作业”概念所替代;相应地,中国传统监犯服役制度也被近代作业制度所代替。南京国民政府成立后,大力推行监犯作业制度,以期达到既能教育人犯,又能助其生计的双重目的。该行为虽不失为中国近代监犯作业制度改革之真正开端,但基于诸多不利因素之制约,其监犯作业制度的设计和施行均不太理想。
Under the influence of Western modern judicial concepts, the concept of serving traditional Chinese prison inmates was replaced by the concept of “operation” in the West in modern times. Correspondingly, the service system of traditional Chinese prison guards was also replaced by the modern operating system. After the establishment of the Nanjing National Government, the prison administration system was vigorously promoted so as to achieve the dual purpose of educating both criminals and their livelihood. Although this act is the real beginning of the reform of the operating system of prisoner-of-custody in modern China, the design and implementation of the operating system of prisoner-of-war crimes are not ideal based on many unfavorable factors.