宗教和科学,自古以来都是我们解释世界和理解世界的两种方式。在近代,看似矛盾的二者却有着亲密的关系,一方面是近代基督教的理想世界、禁欲主义和宗教虔诚;另一方面是近代自然科学研究的浪潮。本文将立足于新教伦理,试图探讨新教伦理对近代科学精神的启发和促进作用,对二者的关系作出适当的定位。 Religion and science have been our two ways of explaining and understanding the world since ancient times. In modern times, the seemingly contradictory ones have a close relationship, on the one hand the ideal world of modern Christianity, asceticism and religious piety; on the other hand, they are the tide of modern natural science research. Based on the Protestant ethic, this article tries to explore the enlightenment and promotion of the Protestant ethics to the modern scientific spirit and to make a proper orientation of the two.