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UN-Habitat and Youth
联合国人居署与青年
Urbanization is the engine that propels the world towards prosperity in the 21st century and youth are the engineers. Most youth live, by and large, in cities and towns. For instance, cities of the developing world account for over 90 per cent of the world’s urban growth and the youth constitute a large percentage of the inhabitants. It is estimated that as many as 60 per cent of all urban dwellers will be under the age of 18 by 2030. In the developing regions of Asia, Africa and Latin America, the increase in youth population is expected to be more important than that in developed countries. Developing cities increasingly attract youth from rural areas who are in pursuit of better livelihood opportunities.
Many developing countries are not prepared for the rapid urbanization they experience as they lack requisite infrastructure, smart urban policies and stable institutions. In the event of urbanization however, youth are the most often affected. Natural population growth and increased migration from rural to urban areas result in a number of social and economic issues. Unequal opportunities, unemployment and underemployment issues arise for youth living in cities, by and large the inequities are wider among those living in slums and informal settlements.
Noting that youth constitute a large segment of the world’s population, it is important to have development programmes that specifically target and include youth. Put differently, youth-led development should be encouraged and youth should be made more aware of their potentials as agents of change. In this regard, UN-Habitat developed its Youth Programme to promote and support youth participation in improving their socio-economic conditions.
在21世纪，城市化是推进整个世界向着繁荣昌盛发展的引擎，而青年则在其中扮演了工程师的角色。大多数的青年人口基本上都居住在城市和城镇地区，例如，发展中国家的城市发展在全世界城市发展中占据了超过百分之九十的比例，而在城市的居民中，青年占了很大的比重。据估计，到2030年，18岁以下的城市居民将占据全世界城市居民的百分之六十。在亚洲、非洲以及拉丁美洲的发展中国家和地区，青年人口的增长预计将会比发达国家更为显著。城市的持续发展在不断地吸引追求机遇以及优质生活条件的农村青年。
很多发展中国家由于缺乏必要的基础设施、成熟的城市发展政策以及稳定的政府机构，从而未做好进入快速城市化的准备，而城市化进程一旦开始，青年往往是受影响最大的群体。人口的自然增长和日益增长的农村移民导致了城市的一系列社会和经济问题：机遇不平等以及城市青年失业和低就业等，而机遇的不平等的主要受害者为贫民窟和非正式居住区的居民。
既然青年在全世界的人口中占有如此之大的比重，那么制定包含青年的针对性发展计划就有着很高的重要性。换言之，我们应该更多地鼓励青年主导发展，并让他们认识到自身作为改变因子所具备的无穷潜力。因此，联合国人居署开启了青年计划，以发扬并支持青年的参与度，帮助他们改善自身的社会经济条件。
The Urban Youth Fund
城市青年基金会
The UN-Habitat Urban Youth Fund was launched at the World Urban Forum, Nanjing, China in 2008. The FUnd is aimed at supporting innovative youth-led initiatives in developing countries around the world through the provision of grants up to 25,000 USD. Over the period 2009 to 2012, the Urban Youth Fund has supported 212 youth groups around the world with a total of 3.4 million USD. The Fund focuses on urban youth, particularly youth from marginalized urban areas. There are a number of selection criteria set by UN-Habitat - youth participation in organizational and managerial activities, gender equity, project uniqueness. UN-Habitat seeks to ensure that youth are at the core of implementing and benefitting from the initiatives.
The call for applications to the global Urban Youth Fund is yearly, and projects are funded up to a maximum of one year. The annual call for applications to the Youth Fund garners responses from about 5000 to 8000 youth organizations across the globe. Following thorough project assessments, an average of 50 projects receive funding, subject to the financial capacity of the Fund.
联合国人居署城市青年基金会于2008年在中国南京的世界城市论坛上正式成立。该基金会旨在支持发展中国家的创新式的青年主导运动，可为他们提供最高达25000美元的资助。在2009年到2012年间，城市青年基金会已经为全世界共212个青年团体提供了总计超过340万美元的资助。
本项基金将着眼点在于城市青年，尤其是城市边缘地区的青年。联合国人居署为青年参与组织和管理的活动制定了一系列选择标准。联合国人居署努力确保青年能够成为这些活动的核心，并且从中受益。
城市青年基金会每年都会收到来自全球各地的申请，且每年资助的项目都会达到饱和状态。每年都会有5000到8000个世界各的青年组织向基金会提出申请。基金会对项目申请以及基金会的财政承受能力评定之后，会批准平均约50个项目的资金申请。
Tackling Youth Employment Challenges through Entrepreneurship
通过鼓励创业解决就业问题
In the next decade, 500 million youth will enter the workforce. Today, 66 million youth are unemployed while most others are underemployed. The unemployment rate for youth is about thrice the incidence among adults. A generation without the hope of a stable job is a burden on the whole of society. Poor employment in the early stages of a young person’s career can dampen job prospects for life; this is consistent for youth in developed and developing countries. Owing to this, the Urban Youth Fund focuses on projects that promote entrepreneurship and social enterprises.
The analysis of entrepreneurially-driven youth projects supported by the Youth Fund highlights the importance of providing increased access to financial services for youth to start their own enterprises. However, these youth enterprises do not focus only on the economic returns from the projects, they also take cognizance of attendant social benefits. The economic benefits garnered were often used to address one or more social issues faced by the youth, such as women empowerment, awareness and sensitizing health campaigns, access to basic urban services and environmental concerns. Youth demonstrated an ability to address social issues with an entrepreneurial approach, so doing, they tackle employment problems as well as social problems. Young social entrepreneurs play an important role as change agents. Their projects, while providing job opportunities and improving incomes of beneficiaries, create and sustain social value in the community. They engage in a process of continuous innovation, adaptation and learning. Youth social entrepreneurship provides alternative and innovative solutions to the youth employment problem as well as valuable goods and services to society and the community within which they operate.
在从今往后的十年里，会有共计五亿青年进入劳动市场。而在今天，仍有六千六百万青年处于失业状态，而在已就业的青年中，大部分人处于低就业状态，青年的失业率约为成年人的三倍左右。青年时期的就业困难会对一个人一生的职业发展前景产生不利影响，不管在发展中国家还是发达国家都是如此。因此，城市青年基金会便将工作重心放在制定计划推动青年创业以及社会企业上。
青年基金所支持的青年计划的成功证明了继续为青年提供金融支持、帮助他们创业的重要性。而青年企业并非只注重追逐经济利益，他们也能为社会公益做出贡献。青年企业通过创业所积累的资金也往往用于应对他们自身所面临的社会问题，比如妇女赋权、提升人们对医疗卫生事业的认知度和敏感度、提供更便利的城市基本服务以及环境问题等。青年们有能力运用创业手段解决社会问题，同时亦解决了就业问题。
作为改变因子，青年社会企业家扮演者极为重要的角色。他们的事业在提供就业机会、改善自身经济条件的同时，也为社区创造并维持了社会价值。在创业中，他们不断地进行创新、适应和学习。青年社会创业事业为青年的就业问题提供了创新式的备选方案，同时也为所在的社会以及社区带来了有价值的财富以及服务。
Adopting Technology to meet Youth’s Needs
让科技适应青年的需求
The use of ICT by youth is a rapidly evolving phenomenon. Youth show great inventiveness in adapting technological devices to meet their needs. UN-Habitat acknowledges the importance of accessing and creating opportunities through digital technology.
A number of projects which received grants from the Urban Youth Fund focused on providing access to ICT to young beneficiaries for various empowerment purposes. The increasing use of ICT serves to bridge the digital divide while also finding, creating and widening economic opportunities. In developing countries, youth have shown a shrewd ability to engage technological tools to their advantage. This is evident in the operation of vast outsourcing centres and media centres that promote and train youth in writing and reporting endeavours, thus making them more employable. Through the creation of discussion forums and platforms, youth were given the opportunity to link up and discuss issues they face interactively with their peers in the global space.
Further, ICT and most often social media, has been used as a tool for engendering and promoting youth participation in various governance issues. Through social media networks and platforms, youth are empowered to express themselves and mobilize support for action in spite of geographical distances which may separate them. As a networking tool, ICT and social media have allowed youth to access information on local and international development issues and to enable them navigate appropriate paths to probable solutions to the issues. Moreover, the digital media has proved to be an important asset for awareness creation on various youth matters relating to human rights, women’s empowerment, urban planning, and risk reduction. 通讯技术在青年中的使用越来越普遍。青年人很擅长运用这些技术来满足自己的需求。联合国人居署也认识到了通过数字技术来获得并创造机遇的重要性。
城市青年基金会批准了一系列旨在通过通讯技术保障青年福祉的项目，以达到赋权青年的目的。增加对通讯技术的使用可以跨越数字鸿沟，同时也能寻找、创造并拓宽经济机遇。在发展中国家。青年充分运用自己的才华和智慧，用各种技术工具让自己受益。这一点在雇用并培训青年来做撰写及报道工作的外包以及媒体中心尤为明显，这也让青年更具有雇用价值。各种论坛和平台的创办，也让青年们拥有了与全世界的同龄人面对面地交谈以及交流的机会。
通讯技术以及最近兴起的社交媒体被进一步用来作为吸引、鼓励青年参与各类政府事务的工具。通过社交网络和平台，青年们能够忽略空间距离，并毫无拘束地表达自我同时动员他人为自己的活动提供支持。作为网络工具，信息通讯和社交媒体让青年们更方便地了解本地与国际发展方面所面临的问题，并让他们有能力寻求合适的途径来解决这些问题。此外，数字媒体也是唤醒人们对人权、女性赋权、城市规划以及降低风险等青年事务的意识的重要手段。
The Way Forward
未来方向
There is no blanket solution to the issues faced by youth. At UN-Habitat, we believe that the best way to promote youth-led development is by giving youth the opportunity to be agents of change. Youth need to be at the locus of the changes they want to bring about. Thus, the success of the Urban Youth Fund lies in the wide variety of projects that youth bring forward and implement. The Urban Youth Fund does not seek to focus on only one issue faced by youth, rather, it encompasses a whole range of issues and gives youth the financial and technical means to serve their peers and the community as a whole.
If today’s youth population is the largest ever in history, it is crucial to build on the capacity of this youthful human resource today in order to contribute to a better tomorrow. It is time to rely on the strength of youth as an asset for sustainable development. By positively engaging youth as leaders and encouraging their initiatives, we will be allowing them be instigators of change rather than merely being receptors of change.
对于青年所面临的问题，一揽子解决方案是不存在的。联合国人居署认为，推进青年主导发展的最好的方法便是为青年提供机会，让他们成为改变因子。青年所造成的改变应该能影响到自己，因此城市青年基金会能否成功取决于青年所提出并实施的项目是否有广泛的覆盖面。城市青年基金会并非只是注重于单一的青年问题，而是围绕着一系列的问题，并为青年提供资金和技术支持，让他们以整个社区为单位互相帮助扶持。
如果当今青年人口在历史上是最多的，那么在如此丰富的青年资源之上培养他们的能力便对建造一个更美好的明天起着关键性的作用。现在，我们需要依靠青年，并将他们视为维系可持续发展的财富。通过积极地推举青年成为领袖，并鼓励他们的主观能动性，青年便能够成为改变的发起者，而不是被动接受者。
Youth are society’s most essential and dynamic human resource. There are more people under the age of 25 today than ever, totalling nearly three billion or almost half of the total global population; 1.3 billion of that total are between the age of 12 and 24. It is important to encourage youth participation in development and governance. The UN-Habitat Urban Youth Fund gives youth from developing countries the opportunity to become change agents at the local, national and international level. When given the opportunity and right tools, youth show great ability and innovation in the use of ICT and demonstration of entrepreneurial prowess. Projects led by youth do not only result in economic benefits, they also yield positive social outcomes such as gender equality, reduction in crime and increased participation in governance. Therefore, to ensure the sustainable development of cities, youth issues need to be mainstreamed into development management and policy at all levels. 青年占世界总人口的大多数，尤其是在亚洲，非洲和拉丁美洲的发展中国家。世界快速城市化引起了一些社会经济问题，而且年轻人往往是其中最受这些问题困扰的群体。重要的是要鼓励青年参与发展。联合国人居署的城市青年基金让来自发展中国家的年轻人获得机会，从而成为变革的推动者。年轻人在解决问题时已表现出极大的能力和创新，比如创业和信息通信技术。由青年领导的项目不仅有经济利益，也有益于解决社会层面的问题，如性别平等，青少年犯罪，青少年参与治理等。对于一个城市的可持续发展，很重要的一点便是让青年参与发展和治理。
UN-Habitat and Youth
联合国人居署与青年
Urbanization is the engine that propels the world towards prosperity in the 21st century and youth are the engineers. Most youth live, by and large, in cities and towns. For instance, cities of the developing world account for over 90 per cent of the world’s urban growth and the youth constitute a large percentage of the inhabitants. It is estimated that as many as 60 per cent of all urban dwellers will be under the age of 18 by 2030. In the developing regions of Asia, Africa and Latin America, the increase in youth population is expected to be more important than that in developed countries. Developing cities increasingly attract youth from rural areas who are in pursuit of better livelihood opportunities.
Many developing countries are not prepared for the rapid urbanization they experience as they lack requisite infrastructure, smart urban policies and stable institutions. In the event of urbanization however, youth are the most often affected. Natural population growth and increased migration from rural to urban areas result in a number of social and economic issues. Unequal opportunities, unemployment and underemployment issues arise for youth living in cities, by and large the inequities are wider among those living in slums and informal settlements.
Noting that youth constitute a large segment of the world’s population, it is important to have development programmes that specifically target and include youth. Put differently, youth-led development should be encouraged and youth should be made more aware of their potentials as agents of change. In this regard, UN-Habitat developed its Youth Programme to promote and support youth participation in improving their socio-economic conditions.
在21世纪，城市化是推进整个世界向着繁荣昌盛发展的引擎，而青年则在其中扮演了工程师的角色。大多数的青年人口基本上都居住在城市和城镇地区，例如，发展中国家的城市发展在全世界城市发展中占据了超过百分之九十的比例，而在城市的居民中，青年占了很大的比重。据估计，到2030年，18岁以下的城市居民将占据全世界城市居民的百分之六十。在亚洲、非洲以及拉丁美洲的发展中国家和地区，青年人口的增长预计将会比发达国家更为显著。城市的持续发展在不断地吸引追求机遇以及优质生活条件的农村青年。
很多发展中国家由于缺乏必要的基础设施、成熟的城市发展政策以及稳定的政府机构，从而未做好进入快速城市化的准备，而城市化进程一旦开始，青年往往是受影响最大的群体。人口的自然增长和日益增长的农村移民导致了城市的一系列社会和经济问题：机遇不平等以及城市青年失业和低就业等，而机遇的不平等的主要受害者为贫民窟和非正式居住区的居民。
既然青年在全世界的人口中占有如此之大的比重，那么制定包含青年的针对性发展计划就有着很高的重要性。换言之，我们应该更多地鼓励青年主导发展，并让他们认识到自身作为改变因子所具备的无穷潜力。因此，联合国人居署开启了青年计划，以发扬并支持青年的参与度，帮助他们改善自身的社会经济条件。 The Urban Youth Fund
城市青年基金会
The UN-Habitat Urban Youth Fund was launched at the World Urban Forum, Nanjing, China in 2008. The FUnd is aimed at supporting innovative youth-led initiatives in developing countries around the world through the provision of grants up to 25,000 USD. Over the period 2009 to 2012, the Urban Youth Fund has supported 212 youth groups around the world with a total of 3.4 million USD.
The Fund focuses on urban youth, particularly youth from marginalized urban areas. There are a number of selection criteria set by UN-Habitat - youth participation in organizational and managerial activities, gender equity, project uniqueness. UN-Habitat seeks to ensure that youth are at the core of implementing and benefitting from the initiatives.
The call for applications to the global Urban Youth Fund is yearly, and projects are funded up to a maximum of one year. The annual call for applications to the Youth Fund garners responses from about 5000 to 8000 youth organizations across the globe. Following thorough project assessments, an average of 50 projects receive funding, subject to the financial capacity of the Fund.
联合国人居署城市青年基金会于2008年在中国南京的世界城市论坛上正式成立。该基金会旨在支持发展中国家的创新式的青年主导运动，可为他们提供最高达25000美元的资助。在2009年到2012年间，城市青年基金会已经为全世界共212个青年团体提供了总计超过340万美元的资助。
本项基金将着眼点在于城市青年，尤其是城市边缘地区的青年。联合国人居署为青年参与组织和管理的活动制定了一系列选择标准。联合国人居署努力确保青年能够成为这些活动的核心，并且从中受益。
城市青年基金会每年都会收到来自全球各地的申请，且每年资助的项目都会达到饱和状态。每年都会有5000到8000个世界各的青年组织向基金会提出申请。基金会对项目申请以及基金会的财政承受能力评定之后，会批准平均约50个项目的资金申请。
Tackling Youth Employment Challenges through Entrepreneurship
通过鼓励创业解决就业问题
In the next decade, 500 million youth will enter the workforce. Today, 66 million youth are unemployed while most others are underemployed. The unemployment rate for youth is about thrice the incidence among adults. A generation without the hope of a stable job is a burden on the whole of society. Poor employment in the early stages of a young person’s career can dampen job prospects for life; this is consistent for youth in developed and developing countries. Owing to this, the Urban Youth Fund focuses on projects that promote entrepreneurship and social enterprises.
The analysis of entrepreneurially-driven youth projects supported by the Youth Fund highlights the importance of providing increased access to financial services for youth to start their own enterprises. However, these youth enterprises do not focus only on the economic returns from the projects, they also take cognizance of attendant social benefits. The economic benefits garnered were often used to address one or more social issues faced by the youth, such as women empowerment, awareness and sensitizing health campaigns, access to basic urban services and environmental concerns. Youth demonstrated an ability to address social issues with an entrepreneurial approach, so doing, they tackle employment problems as well as social problems. Young social entrepreneurs play an important role as change agents. Their projects, while providing job opportunities and improving incomes of beneficiaries, create and sustain social value in the community. They engage in a process of continuous innovation, adaptation and learning. Youth social entrepreneurship provides alternative and innovative solutions to the youth employment problem as well as valuable goods and services to society and the community within which they operate.
在从今往后的十年里，会有共计五亿青年进入劳动市场。而在今天，仍有六千六百万青年处于失业状态，而在已就业的青年中，大部分人处于低就业状态，青年的失业率约为成年人的三倍左右。青年时期的就业困难会对一个人一生的职业发展前景产生不利影响，不管在发展中国家还是发达国家都是如此。因此，城市青年基金会便将工作重心放在制定计划推动青年创业以及社会企业上。
青年基金所支持的青年计划的成功证明了继续为青年提供金融支持、帮助他们创业的重要性。而青年企业并非只注重追逐经济利益，他们也能为社会公益做出贡献。青年企业通过创业所积累的资金也往往用于应对他们自身所面临的社会问题，比如妇女赋权、提升人们对医疗卫生事业的认知度和敏感度、提供更便利的城市基本服务以及环境问题等。青年们有能力运用创业手段解决社会问题，同时亦解决了就业问题。
作为改变因子，青年社会企业家扮演者极为重要的角色。他们的事业在提供就业机会、改善自身经济条件的同时，也为社区创造并维持了社会价值。在创业中，他们不断地进行创新、适应和学习。青年社会创业事业为青年的就业问题提供了创新式的备选方案，同时也为所在的社会以及社区带来了有价值的财富以及服务。
Adopting Technology to meet Youth’s Needs
让科技适应青年的需求
The use of ICT by youth is a rapidly evolving phenomenon. Youth show great inventiveness in adapting technological devices to meet their needs. UN-Habitat acknowledges the importance of accessing and creating opportunities through digital technology.
A number of projects which received grants from the Urban Youth Fund focused on providing access to ICT to young beneficiaries for various empowerment purposes. The increasing use of ICT serves to bridge the digital divide while also finding, creating and widening economic opportunities. In developing countries, youth have shown a shrewd ability to engage technological tools to their advantage. This is evident in the operation of vast outsourcing centres and media centres that promote and train youth in writing and reporting endeavours, thus making them more employable. Through the creation of discussion forums and platforms, youth were given the opportunity to link up and discuss issues they face interactively with their peers in the global space.
Further, ICT and most often social media, has been used as a tool for engendering and promoting youth participation in various governance issues. Through social media networks and platforms, youth are empowered to express themselves and mobilize support for action in spite of geographical distances which may separate them. As a networking tool, ICT and social media have allowed youth to access information on local and international development issues and to enable them navigate appropriate paths to probable solutions to the issues. Moreover, the digital media has proved to be an important asset for awareness creation on various youth matters relating to human rights, women’s empowerment, urban planning, and risk reduction. 通讯技术在青年中的使用越来越普遍。青年人很擅长运用这些技术来满足自己的需求。联合国人居署也认识到了通过数字技术来获得并创造机遇的重要性。
城市青年基金会批准了一系列旨在通过通讯技术保障青年福祉的项目，以达到赋权青年的目的。增加对通讯技术的使用可以跨越数字鸿沟，同时也能寻找、创造并拓宽经济机遇。在发展中国家。青年充分运用自己的才华和智慧，用各种技术工具让自己受益。这一点在雇用并培训青年来做撰写及报道工作的外包以及媒体中心尤为明显，这也让青年更具有雇用价值。各种论坛和平台的创办，也让青年们拥有了与全世界的同龄人面对面地交谈以及交流的机会。
通讯技术以及最近兴起的社交媒体被进一步用来作为吸引、鼓励青年参与各类政府事务的工具。通过社交网络和平台，青年们能够忽略空间距离，并毫无拘束地表达自我同时动员他人为自己的活动提供支持。作为网络工具，信息通讯和社交媒体让青年们更方便地了解本地与国际发展方面所面临的问题，并让他们有能力寻求合适的途径来解决这些问题。此外，数字媒体也是唤醒人们对人权、女性赋权、城市规划以及降低风险等青年事务的意识的重要手段。
The Way Forward
未来方向
There is no blanket solution to the issues faced by youth. At UN-Habitat, we believe that the best way to promote youth-led development is by giving youth the opportunity to be agents of change. Youth need to be at the locus of the changes they want to bring about. Thus, the success of the Urban Youth Fund lies in the wide variety of projects that youth bring forward and implement. The Urban Youth Fund does not seek to focus on only one issue faced by youth, rather, it encompasses a whole range of issues and gives youth the financial and technical means to serve their peers and the community as a whole.
If today’s youth population is the largest ever in history, it is crucial to build on the capacity of this youthful human resource today in order to contribute to a better tomorrow. It is time to rely on the strength of youth as an asset for sustainable development. By positively engaging youth as leaders and encouraging their initiatives, we will be allowing them be instigators of change rather than merely being receptors of change.
对于青年所面临的问题，一揽子解决方案是不存在的。联合国人居署认为，推进青年主导发展的最好的方法便是为青年提供机会，让他们成为改变因子。青年所造成的改变应该能影响到自己，因此城市青年基金会能否成功取决于青年所提出并实施的项目是否有广泛的覆盖面。城市青年基金会并非只是注重于单一的青年问题，而是围绕着一系列的问题，并为青年提供资金和技术支持，让他们以整个社区为单位互相帮助扶持。
如果当今青年人口在历史上是最多的，那么在如此丰富的青年资源之上培养他们的能力便对建造一个更美好的明天起着关键性的作用。现在，我们需要依靠青年，并将他们视为维系可持续发展的财富。通过积极地推举青年成为领袖，并鼓励他们的主观能动性，青年便能够成为改变的发起者，而不是被动接受者。
联合国人居署与青年
Urbanization is the engine that propels the world towards prosperity in the 21st century and youth are the engineers. Most youth live, by and large, in cities and towns. For instance, cities of the developing world account for over 90 per cent of the world’s urban growth and the youth constitute a large percentage of the inhabitants. It is estimated that as many as 60 per cent of all urban dwellers will be under the age of 18 by 2030. In the developing regions of Asia, Africa and Latin America, the increase in youth population is expected to be more important than that in developed countries. Developing cities increasingly attract youth from rural areas who are in pursuit of better livelihood opportunities.
Many developing countries are not prepared for the rapid urbanization they experience as they lack requisite infrastructure, smart urban policies and stable institutions. In the event of urbanization however, youth are the most often affected. Natural population growth and increased migration from rural to urban areas result in a number of social and economic issues. Unequal opportunities, unemployment and underemployment issues arise for youth living in cities, by and large the inequities are wider among those living in slums and informal settlements.
Noting that youth constitute a large segment of the world’s population, it is important to have development programmes that specifically target and include youth. Put differently, youth-led development should be encouraged and youth should be made more aware of their potentials as agents of change. In this regard, UN-Habitat developed its Youth Programme to promote and support youth participation in improving their socio-economic conditions.
在21世纪，城市化是推进整个世界向着繁荣昌盛发展的引擎，而青年则在其中扮演了工程师的角色。大多数的青年人口基本上都居住在城市和城镇地区，例如，发展中国家的城市发展在全世界城市发展中占据了超过百分之九十的比例，而在城市的居民中，青年占了很大的比重。据估计，到2030年，18岁以下的城市居民将占据全世界城市居民的百分之六十。在亚洲、非洲以及拉丁美洲的发展中国家和地区，青年人口的增长预计将会比发达国家更为显著。城市的持续发展在不断地吸引追求机遇以及优质生活条件的农村青年。
很多发展中国家由于缺乏必要的基础设施、成熟的城市发展政策以及稳定的政府机构，从而未做好进入快速城市化的准备，而城市化进程一旦开始，青年往往是受影响最大的群体。人口的自然增长和日益增长的农村移民导致了城市的一系列社会和经济问题：机遇不平等以及城市青年失业和低就业等，而机遇的不平等的主要受害者为贫民窟和非正式居住区的居民。
既然青年在全世界的人口中占有如此之大的比重，那么制定包含青年的针对性发展计划就有着很高的重要性。换言之，我们应该更多地鼓励青年主导发展，并让他们认识到自身作为改变因子所具备的无穷潜力。因此，联合国人居署开启了青年计划，以发扬并支持青年的参与度，帮助他们改善自身的社会经济条件。
The Urban Youth Fund
城市青年基金会
The UN-Habitat Urban Youth Fund was launched at the World Urban Forum, Nanjing, China in 2008. The FUnd is aimed at supporting innovative youth-led initiatives in developing countries around the world through the provision of grants up to 25,000 USD. Over the period 2009 to 2012, the Urban Youth Fund has supported 212 youth groups around the world with a total of 3.4 million USD. The Fund focuses on urban youth, particularly youth from marginalized urban areas. There are a number of selection criteria set by UN-Habitat - youth participation in organizational and managerial activities, gender equity, project uniqueness. UN-Habitat seeks to ensure that youth are at the core of implementing and benefitting from the initiatives.
The call for applications to the global Urban Youth Fund is yearly, and projects are funded up to a maximum of one year. The annual call for applications to the Youth Fund garners responses from about 5000 to 8000 youth organizations across the globe. Following thorough project assessments, an average of 50 projects receive funding, subject to the financial capacity of the Fund.
联合国人居署城市青年基金会于2008年在中国南京的世界城市论坛上正式成立。该基金会旨在支持发展中国家的创新式的青年主导运动，可为他们提供最高达25000美元的资助。在2009年到2012年间，城市青年基金会已经为全世界共212个青年团体提供了总计超过340万美元的资助。
本项基金将着眼点在于城市青年，尤其是城市边缘地区的青年。联合国人居署为青年参与组织和管理的活动制定了一系列选择标准。联合国人居署努力确保青年能够成为这些活动的核心，并且从中受益。
城市青年基金会每年都会收到来自全球各地的申请，且每年资助的项目都会达到饱和状态。每年都会有5000到8000个世界各的青年组织向基金会提出申请。基金会对项目申请以及基金会的财政承受能力评定之后，会批准平均约50个项目的资金申请。
Tackling Youth Employment Challenges through Entrepreneurship
通过鼓励创业解决就业问题
In the next decade, 500 million youth will enter the workforce. Today, 66 million youth are unemployed while most others are underemployed. The unemployment rate for youth is about thrice the incidence among adults. A generation without the hope of a stable job is a burden on the whole of society. Poor employment in the early stages of a young person’s career can dampen job prospects for life; this is consistent for youth in developed and developing countries. Owing to this, the Urban Youth Fund focuses on projects that promote entrepreneurship and social enterprises.
The analysis of entrepreneurially-driven youth projects supported by the Youth Fund highlights the importance of providing increased access to financial services for youth to start their own enterprises. However, these youth enterprises do not focus only on the economic returns from the projects, they also take cognizance of attendant social benefits. The economic benefits garnered were often used to address one or more social issues faced by the youth, such as women empowerment, awareness and sensitizing health campaigns, access to basic urban services and environmental concerns. Youth demonstrated an ability to address social issues with an entrepreneurial approach, so doing, they tackle employment problems as well as social problems. Young social entrepreneurs play an important role as change agents. Their projects, while providing job opportunities and improving incomes of beneficiaries, create and sustain social value in the community. They engage in a process of continuous innovation, adaptation and learning. Youth social entrepreneurship provides alternative and innovative solutions to the youth employment problem as well as valuable goods and services to society and the community within which they operate.
在从今往后的十年里，会有共计五亿青年进入劳动市场。而在今天，仍有六千六百万青年处于失业状态，而在已就业的青年中，大部分人处于低就业状态，青年的失业率约为成年人的三倍左右。青年时期的就业困难会对一个人一生的职业发展前景产生不利影响，不管在发展中国家还是发达国家都是如此。因此，城市青年基金会便将工作重心放在制定计划推动青年创业以及社会企业上。
青年基金所支持的青年计划的成功证明了继续为青年提供金融支持、帮助他们创业的重要性。而青年企业并非只注重追逐经济利益，他们也能为社会公益做出贡献。青年企业通过创业所积累的资金也往往用于应对他们自身所面临的社会问题，比如妇女赋权、提升人们对医疗卫生事业的认知度和敏感度、提供更便利的城市基本服务以及环境问题等。青年们有能力运用创业手段解决社会问题，同时亦解决了就业问题。
作为改变因子，青年社会企业家扮演者极为重要的角色。他们的事业在提供就业机会、改善自身经济条件的同时，也为社区创造并维持了社会价值。在创业中，他们不断地进行创新、适应和学习。青年社会创业事业为青年的就业问题提供了创新式的备选方案，同时也为所在的社会以及社区带来了有价值的财富以及服务。
Adopting Technology to meet Youth’s Needs
让科技适应青年的需求
The use of ICT by youth is a rapidly evolving phenomenon. Youth show great inventiveness in adapting technological devices to meet their needs. UN-Habitat acknowledges the importance of accessing and creating opportunities through digital technology.
A number of projects which received grants from the Urban Youth Fund focused on providing access to ICT to young beneficiaries for various empowerment purposes. The increasing use of ICT serves to bridge the digital divide while also finding, creating and widening economic opportunities. In developing countries, youth have shown a shrewd ability to engage technological tools to their advantage. This is evident in the operation of vast outsourcing centres and media centres that promote and train youth in writing and reporting endeavours, thus making them more employable. Through the creation of discussion forums and platforms, youth were given the opportunity to link up and discuss issues they face interactively with their peers in the global space.
Further, ICT and most often social media, has been used as a tool for engendering and promoting youth participation in various governance issues. Through social media networks and platforms, youth are empowered to express themselves and mobilize support for action in spite of geographical distances which may separate them. As a networking tool, ICT and social media have allowed youth to access information on local and international development issues and to enable them navigate appropriate paths to probable solutions to the issues. Moreover, the digital media has proved to be an important asset for awareness creation on various youth matters relating to human rights, women’s empowerment, urban planning, and risk reduction. 通讯技术在青年中的使用越来越普遍。青年人很擅长运用这些技术来满足自己的需求。联合国人居署也认识到了通过数字技术来获得并创造机遇的重要性。
城市青年基金会批准了一系列旨在通过通讯技术保障青年福祉的项目，以达到赋权青年的目的。增加对通讯技术的使用可以跨越数字鸿沟，同时也能寻找、创造并拓宽经济机遇。在发展中国家。青年充分运用自己的才华和智慧，用各种技术工具让自己受益。这一点在雇用并培训青年来做撰写及报道工作的外包以及媒体中心尤为明显，这也让青年更具有雇用价值。各种论坛和平台的创办，也让青年们拥有了与全世界的同龄人面对面地交谈以及交流的机会。
通讯技术以及最近兴起的社交媒体被进一步用来作为吸引、鼓励青年参与各类政府事务的工具。通过社交网络和平台，青年们能够忽略空间距离，并毫无拘束地表达自我同时动员他人为自己的活动提供支持。作为网络工具，信息通讯和社交媒体让青年们更方便地了解本地与国际发展方面所面临的问题，并让他们有能力寻求合适的途径来解决这些问题。此外，数字媒体也是唤醒人们对人权、女性赋权、城市规划以及降低风险等青年事务的意识的重要手段。
The Way Forward
未来方向
There is no blanket solution to the issues faced by youth. At UN-Habitat, we believe that the best way to promote youth-led development is by giving youth the opportunity to be agents of change. Youth need to be at the locus of the changes they want to bring about. Thus, the success of the Urban Youth Fund lies in the wide variety of projects that youth bring forward and implement. The Urban Youth Fund does not seek to focus on only one issue faced by youth, rather, it encompasses a whole range of issues and gives youth the financial and technical means to serve their peers and the community as a whole.
If today’s youth population is the largest ever in history, it is crucial to build on the capacity of this youthful human resource today in order to contribute to a better tomorrow. It is time to rely on the strength of youth as an asset for sustainable development. By positively engaging youth as leaders and encouraging their initiatives, we will be allowing them be instigators of change rather than merely being receptors of change.
对于青年所面临的问题，一揽子解决方案是不存在的。联合国人居署认为，推进青年主导发展的最好的方法便是为青年提供机会，让他们成为改变因子。青年所造成的改变应该能影响到自己，因此城市青年基金会能否成功取决于青年所提出并实施的项目是否有广泛的覆盖面。城市青年基金会并非只是注重于单一的青年问题，而是围绕着一系列的问题，并为青年提供资金和技术支持，让他们以整个社区为单位互相帮助扶持。
如果当今青年人口在历史上是最多的，那么在如此丰富的青年资源之上培养他们的能力便对建造一个更美好的明天起着关键性的作用。现在，我们需要依靠青年，并将他们视为维系可持续发展的财富。通过积极地推举青年成为领袖，并鼓励他们的主观能动性，青年便能够成为改变的发起者，而不是被动接受者。
Youth are society’s most essential and dynamic human resource. There are more people under the age of 25 today than ever, totalling nearly three billion or almost half of the total global population; 1.3 billion of that total are between the age of 12 and 24. It is important to encourage youth participation in development and governance. The UN-Habitat Urban Youth Fund gives youth from developing countries the opportunity to become change agents at the local, national and international level. When given the opportunity and right tools, youth show great ability and innovation in the use of ICT and demonstration of entrepreneurial prowess. Projects led by youth do not only result in economic benefits, they also yield positive social outcomes such as gender equality, reduction in crime and increased participation in governance. Therefore, to ensure the sustainable development of cities, youth issues need to be mainstreamed into development management and policy at all levels. 青年占世界总人口的大多数，尤其是在亚洲，非洲和拉丁美洲的发展中国家。世界快速城市化引起了一些社会经济问题，而且年轻人往往是其中最受这些问题困扰的群体。重要的是要鼓励青年参与发展。联合国人居署的城市青年基金让来自发展中国家的年轻人获得机会，从而成为变革的推动者。年轻人在解决问题时已表现出极大的能力和创新，比如创业和信息通信技术。由青年领导的项目不仅有经济利益，也有益于解决社会层面的问题，如性别平等，青少年犯罪，青少年参与治理等。对于一个城市的可持续发展，很重要的一点便是让青年参与发展和治理。
UN-Habitat and Youth
联合国人居署与青年
Urbanization is the engine that propels the world towards prosperity in the 21st century and youth are the engineers. Most youth live, by and large, in cities and towns. For instance, cities of the developing world account for over 90 per cent of the world’s urban growth and the youth constitute a large percentage of the inhabitants. It is estimated that as many as 60 per cent of all urban dwellers will be under the age of 18 by 2030. In the developing regions of Asia, Africa and Latin America, the increase in youth population is expected to be more important than that in developed countries. Developing cities increasingly attract youth from rural areas who are in pursuit of better livelihood opportunities.
Many developing countries are not prepared for the rapid urbanization they experience as they lack requisite infrastructure, smart urban policies and stable institutions. In the event of urbanization however, youth are the most often affected. Natural population growth and increased migration from rural to urban areas result in a number of social and economic issues. Unequal opportunities, unemployment and underemployment issues arise for youth living in cities, by and large the inequities are wider among those living in slums and informal settlements.
Noting that youth constitute a large segment of the world’s population, it is important to have development programmes that specifically target and include youth. Put differently, youth-led development should be encouraged and youth should be made more aware of their potentials as agents of change. In this regard, UN-Habitat developed its Youth Programme to promote and support youth participation in improving their socio-economic conditions.
在21世纪，城市化是推进整个世界向着繁荣昌盛发展的引擎，而青年则在其中扮演了工程师的角色。大多数的青年人口基本上都居住在城市和城镇地区，例如，发展中国家的城市发展在全世界城市发展中占据了超过百分之九十的比例，而在城市的居民中，青年占了很大的比重。据估计，到2030年，18岁以下的城市居民将占据全世界城市居民的百分之六十。在亚洲、非洲以及拉丁美洲的发展中国家和地区，青年人口的增长预计将会比发达国家更为显著。城市的持续发展在不断地吸引追求机遇以及优质生活条件的农村青年。
很多发展中国家由于缺乏必要的基础设施、成熟的城市发展政策以及稳定的政府机构，从而未做好进入快速城市化的准备，而城市化进程一旦开始，青年往往是受影响最大的群体。人口的自然增长和日益增长的农村移民导致了城市的一系列社会和经济问题：机遇不平等以及城市青年失业和低就业等，而机遇的不平等的主要受害者为贫民窟和非正式居住区的居民。
既然青年在全世界的人口中占有如此之大的比重，那么制定包含青年的针对性发展计划就有着很高的重要性。换言之，我们应该更多地鼓励青年主导发展，并让他们认识到自身作为改变因子所具备的无穷潜力。因此，联合国人居署开启了青年计划，以发扬并支持青年的参与度，帮助他们改善自身的社会经济条件。 The Urban Youth Fund
城市青年基金会
The UN-Habitat Urban Youth Fund was launched at the World Urban Forum, Nanjing, China in 2008. The FUnd is aimed at supporting innovative youth-led initiatives in developing countries around the world through the provision of grants up to 25,000 USD. Over the period 2009 to 2012, the Urban Youth Fund has supported 212 youth groups around the world with a total of 3.4 million USD.
The Fund focuses on urban youth, particularly youth from marginalized urban areas. There are a number of selection criteria set by UN-Habitat - youth participation in organizational and managerial activities, gender equity, project uniqueness. UN-Habitat seeks to ensure that youth are at the core of implementing and benefitting from the initiatives.
The call for applications to the global Urban Youth Fund is yearly, and projects are funded up to a maximum of one year. The annual call for applications to the Youth Fund garners responses from about 5000 to 8000 youth organizations across the globe. Following thorough project assessments, an average of 50 projects receive funding, subject to the financial capacity of the Fund.
联合国人居署城市青年基金会于2008年在中国南京的世界城市论坛上正式成立。该基金会旨在支持发展中国家的创新式的青年主导运动，可为他们提供最高达25000美元的资助。在2009年到2012年间，城市青年基金会已经为全世界共212个青年团体提供了总计超过340万美元的资助。
本项基金将着眼点在于城市青年，尤其是城市边缘地区的青年。联合国人居署为青年参与组织和管理的活动制定了一系列选择标准。联合国人居署努力确保青年能够成为这些活动的核心，并且从中受益。
城市青年基金会每年都会收到来自全球各地的申请，且每年资助的项目都会达到饱和状态。每年都会有5000到8000个世界各的青年组织向基金会提出申请。基金会对项目申请以及基金会的财政承受能力评定之后，会批准平均约50个项目的资金申请。
Tackling Youth Employment Challenges through Entrepreneurship
通过鼓励创业解决就业问题
In the next decade, 500 million youth will enter the workforce. Today, 66 million youth are unemployed while most others are underemployed. The unemployment rate for youth is about thrice the incidence among adults. A generation without the hope of a stable job is a burden on the whole of society. Poor employment in the early stages of a young person’s career can dampen job prospects for life; this is consistent for youth in developed and developing countries. Owing to this, the Urban Youth Fund focuses on projects that promote entrepreneurship and social enterprises.
The analysis of entrepreneurially-driven youth projects supported by the Youth Fund highlights the importance of providing increased access to financial services for youth to start their own enterprises. However, these youth enterprises do not focus only on the economic returns from the projects, they also take cognizance of attendant social benefits. The economic benefits garnered were often used to address one or more social issues faced by the youth, such as women empowerment, awareness and sensitizing health campaigns, access to basic urban services and environmental concerns. Youth demonstrated an ability to address social issues with an entrepreneurial approach, so doing, they tackle employment problems as well as social problems. Young social entrepreneurs play an important role as change agents. Their projects, while providing job opportunities and improving incomes of beneficiaries, create and sustain social value in the community. They engage in a process of continuous innovation, adaptation and learning. Youth social entrepreneurship provides alternative and innovative solutions to the youth employment problem as well as valuable goods and services to society and the community within which they operate.
在从今往后的十年里，会有共计五亿青年进入劳动市场。而在今天，仍有六千六百万青年处于失业状态，而在已就业的青年中，大部分人处于低就业状态，青年的失业率约为成年人的三倍左右。青年时期的就业困难会对一个人一生的职业发展前景产生不利影响，不管在发展中国家还是发达国家都是如此。因此，城市青年基金会便将工作重心放在制定计划推动青年创业以及社会企业上。
青年基金所支持的青年计划的成功证明了继续为青年提供金融支持、帮助他们创业的重要性。而青年企业并非只注重追逐经济利益，他们也能为社会公益做出贡献。青年企业通过创业所积累的资金也往往用于应对他们自身所面临的社会问题，比如妇女赋权、提升人们对医疗卫生事业的认知度和敏感度、提供更便利的城市基本服务以及环境问题等。青年们有能力运用创业手段解决社会问题，同时亦解决了就业问题。
作为改变因子，青年社会企业家扮演者极为重要的角色。他们的事业在提供就业机会、改善自身经济条件的同时，也为社区创造并维持了社会价值。在创业中，他们不断地进行创新、适应和学习。青年社会创业事业为青年的就业问题提供了创新式的备选方案，同时也为所在的社会以及社区带来了有价值的财富以及服务。
Adopting Technology to meet Youth’s Needs
让科技适应青年的需求
The use of ICT by youth is a rapidly evolving phenomenon. Youth show great inventiveness in adapting technological devices to meet their needs. UN-Habitat acknowledges the importance of accessing and creating opportunities through digital technology.
A number of projects which received grants from the Urban Youth Fund focused on providing access to ICT to young beneficiaries for various empowerment purposes. The increasing use of ICT serves to bridge the digital divide while also finding, creating and widening economic opportunities. In developing countries, youth have shown a shrewd ability to engage technological tools to their advantage. This is evident in the operation of vast outsourcing centres and media centres that promote and train youth in writing and reporting endeavours, thus making them more employable. Through the creation of discussion forums and platforms, youth were given the opportunity to link up and discuss issues they face interactively with their peers in the global space.
Further, ICT and most often social media, has been used as a tool for engendering and promoting youth participation in various governance issues. Through social media networks and platforms, youth are empowered to express themselves and mobilize support for action in spite of geographical distances which may separate them. As a networking tool, ICT and social media have allowed youth to access information on local and international development issues and to enable them navigate appropriate paths to probable solutions to the issues. Moreover, the digital media has proved to be an important asset for awareness creation on various youth matters relating to human rights, women’s empowerment, urban planning, and risk reduction. 通讯技术在青年中的使用越来越普遍。青年人很擅长运用这些技术来满足自己的需求。联合国人居署也认识到了通过数字技术来获得并创造机遇的重要性。
城市青年基金会批准了一系列旨在通过通讯技术保障青年福祉的项目，以达到赋权青年的目的。增加对通讯技术的使用可以跨越数字鸿沟，同时也能寻找、创造并拓宽经济机遇。在发展中国家。青年充分运用自己的才华和智慧，用各种技术工具让自己受益。这一点在雇用并培训青年来做撰写及报道工作的外包以及媒体中心尤为明显，这也让青年更具有雇用价值。各种论坛和平台的创办，也让青年们拥有了与全世界的同龄人面对面地交谈以及交流的机会。
通讯技术以及最近兴起的社交媒体被进一步用来作为吸引、鼓励青年参与各类政府事务的工具。通过社交网络和平台，青年们能够忽略空间距离，并毫无拘束地表达自我同时动员他人为自己的活动提供支持。作为网络工具，信息通讯和社交媒体让青年们更方便地了解本地与国际发展方面所面临的问题，并让他们有能力寻求合适的途径来解决这些问题。此外，数字媒体也是唤醒人们对人权、女性赋权、城市规划以及降低风险等青年事务的意识的重要手段。
The Way Forward
未来方向
There is no blanket solution to the issues faced by youth. At UN-Habitat, we believe that the best way to promote youth-led development is by giving youth the opportunity to be agents of change. Youth need to be at the locus of the changes they want to bring about. Thus, the success of the Urban Youth Fund lies in the wide variety of projects that youth bring forward and implement. The Urban Youth Fund does not seek to focus on only one issue faced by youth, rather, it encompasses a whole range of issues and gives youth the financial and technical means to serve their peers and the community as a whole.
If today’s youth population is the largest ever in history, it is crucial to build on the capacity of this youthful human resource today in order to contribute to a better tomorrow. It is time to rely on the strength of youth as an asset for sustainable development. By positively engaging youth as leaders and encouraging their initiatives, we will be allowing them be instigators of change rather than merely being receptors of change.
对于青年所面临的问题，一揽子解决方案是不存在的。联合国人居署认为，推进青年主导发展的最好的方法便是为青年提供机会，让他们成为改变因子。青年所造成的改变应该能影响到自己，因此城市青年基金会能否成功取决于青年所提出并实施的项目是否有广泛的覆盖面。城市青年基金会并非只是注重于单一的青年问题，而是围绕着一系列的问题，并为青年提供资金和技术支持，让他们以整个社区为单位互相帮助扶持。
如果当今青年人口在历史上是最多的，那么在如此丰富的青年资源之上培养他们的能力便对建造一个更美好的明天起着关键性的作用。现在，我们需要依靠青年，并将他们视为维系可持续发展的财富。通过积极地推举青年成为领袖，并鼓励他们的主观能动性，青年便能够成为改变的发起者，而不是被动接受者。