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艾滋病(AIDS)是八十年代初出现于人类的一种新的病毒性传染病,已在全世界广泛传播。尽管至今尚无根治和有效预防的方法,但对艾滋病的研究已取得重大的进展,国内已有不少介绍。本文仅就一年来国外在艾滋病的病原学、流行病学及诊断学研究的进展作一报道。一、HIV 的特性及其亲缘病毒(一)HIV 的形态HIV(人类免疫缺陷病毒,前称 HTLV-Ⅲ/LAV,近为区别于新病毒 HIV～2,亦称 HIV-1)在形态上属逆转录病毒慢病毒亚科。病毒粒子直径为1000埃的圆球(IA°=10~(-8)cm),外面包裹由两层脂质组成的膜,由糖蛋白栓住,每个糖蛋白有复盖膜的 gp41和伸出膜外的 gp120两种组份。被膜包裹着一个由蛋白质 P~(24)和 P~(18)组成的核,内有核糖核酸(RNA)及几个逆转录酶的拷贝。
AIDS is a new viral infectious disease that has emerged in humans in the early 1980s and has spread around the world. Although there is still no cure and effective prevention method so far, great progress has been made in the study of AIDS. Many reports have been made in China. This article only reports one year’s progress in the research on the aetiological, epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of AIDS in foreign countries. First, the characteristics of HIV and its relatives Viruses (A) HIV form HIV (human immunodeficiency virus, formerly known as HTLV-III / LAV, nearly as distinct from the new virus HIV ~ 2, also known as HIV-1) morphologically Retrovirus lentivirus subfamily. The virus particles were spheres of 1000 angstroms in diameter (IA ° = 10 -8 cm) and were surrounded by a membrane composed of two layers of lipid, blocked by a glycoprotein with a covering membrane of gp41 and extension Out of the membrane gp120 two components. The envelope is surrounded by a core of proteins P 24 and P 18 with RNA and copies of several reverse transcriptases.