目的　探讨小儿脊髓栓系综合征 (TCS)的诊断与治疗。方法　对 2 6例TCS患儿的临床表现、手术方法、病理所见及随诊结果等进行回顾性分析。结果　①原发者均有腰骶部包块及脊椎裂 ,继发者均有腰骶部手术史 ;②脊椎裂畸型与X线和CT报告一致 ,手术病理表现与MRI报告一致 ;③早期正确手术方式可提高疗效。结论　①CT、MRI检查是明确诊断的最佳手段 ;②应用显微外科手术治疗可提高疗效。 Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric tethered cord syndrome (TCS). Methods The clinical manifestations, surgical methods, pathological findings and follow-up results of 26 children with TCS were analyzed retrospectively. Results ① The lumbosacral masses and the spina bifida were found in the primary lumbosacral region. The operation history of the lumbosacral vertebrae was secondary. ② The spondylolisthesis was consistent with the X-ray and CT findings. The pathological findings were consistent with the MRI findings. ③ The early and correct Surgery can improve the efficacy. Conclusion ①CT, MRI examination is the best way to confirm the diagnosis; ② The application of microsurgical treatment can improve the curative effect.