1.葡萄病毒的检测随着葡萄病毒病的大量出现,向生产者提供无病毒苗木极为重要,在加州采取了非营利的注册和发证制度。这一制度由美国农业部、加州大学、加州食品农业局和苗木商共同合作执行。这个研究组织利用接种试验(称为检测)或电子显微镜检(表)来鉴定每种病或病原微生物。对于每种病毒病的检测包括采用指示植物。这些指示植物对病毒病特别敏感,在一定时间里明显的显示出症状。一些品种只明显的表现出一种病毒病,而对其他 1. Grapevirus Tests With the advent of mass grapes diseases, it is extremely important to provide virus-free seedlings to producers and adopt a non-profit registration and certification system in California. This system is implemented by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the University of California, the California Department of Food and Agriculture and the nursery stockholders. The research organization uses inoculation tests (called tests) or electron microscopy (tests) to identify each disease or pathogenic microorganism. The detection of each viral disease includes the use of indicating plants. These indicating plants are particularly susceptible to viral disease and clearly show symptoms over time. Some cultivars show only one viral disease clearly, but others