目的　研究 6 0岁以上老人血胆固醇水平及其与某些疾病 ,对血清胆固醇增高或降低的利与弊进行再认识。方法　以来院体检的 2 0 11名 6 0岁以上老人为对象 ,对血胆固醇增高或降低时某些疾病的发病率进行对比分析。结果　老年人群中胆固醇低于 4 2mmol/L (称为低胆固醇血症 )的发生率为 2 4 0 % ,男性居多 ;低胆固醇血症时气管炎、肺气肿等非癌性肺病的发病率与高胆固醇血症间差别有显著性意义 (P <0 0 0 5 ) ;在低胆固醇血症时 ,原发性高血压、冠心病等心血管疾病仍有相当的发病率。结论　血胆固醇水平偏低并非纯利无害 ,值得进一步研究 Objective To study the level of blood cholesterol in the elderly over 60 years and to know more about the pros and cons of some diseases and the increase or decrease of serum cholesterol. Methods A total of 2,011 elderly people over the age of 60 years from the physical examination of the hospital were enrolled in this study. The incidence of some diseases was analyzed when the blood cholesterol was increased or decreased. Results The prevalence of cholesterol lower than 42 mmol / L (called hypocholesterolemia) in the elderly population was 240%, mostly men; the incidence of non-cancerous lung diseases such as bronchitis and emphysema in hypocholesterolemia And hypercholesterolemia was significantly different (P <0 0 0 5); in patients with hypocholesterolemia, essential hypertension, coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases are still a considerable incidence. Conclusion Low blood cholesterol level is not pure and harmless, it is worth further study