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目的:评价新疆维吾尔自治区哈萨克族女性高危型HPV（HR-HPV）感染率及型别分布，评估子宫颈病变分布及其与HPV感染的相关性，并对HPV感染的危险因素进行初步分析。方法:2018年6月在新疆维吾尔自治区托里县开展以人群为基础的子宫颈癌筛查研究，共招募2 000名25~64岁哈萨克族女性。每位女性采集3份子宫颈脱落细胞标本，分别行careHPV（不分型）、PCR HPV、p16n INK4a及薄层液基细胞学检测，并对任一检测结果阳性者转诊阴道镜，阴道镜检查结果异常者在病变处取活检。病理结果作为最终诊断的金标准。n 结果:HPV总的感染率为14.55%，其中HR-HPV感染率为12.90%，且在50~54岁年龄组最高；常见的5种HR-HPV基因型别为HPV16（2.80%）、HPV51（2.35%）、HPV52（1.70%）、HPV56（1.50%）和HPV39型（1.20%）；HPV以单一感染者居多（71.48%）；50~54岁年龄组多重感染率最高，多重感染者中以双重感染为主（69.88%），且HPV42和HPV56是最常见的合并感染型别；子宫颈上皮内瘤样病变1级中HPV16（31.82%）、HPV51（27.27%）和HPV18（13.64%）型感染率较高；子宫颈上皮内瘤样病变2级中HPV16型（57.14%）感染率较高；子宫颈上皮内瘤样病变3级及以上中HPV16（55.56%）和HPV18（33.33%）型感染率较高；多因素logistic回归结果显示，文化程度高、绝经及梅毒感染会增加HPV感染的可能性。结论:哈萨克族女性HR-HPV以HPV16、51、52型别较为常见；HR-HPV感染与文化程度、绝经状况及梅毒感染有关，需针对高危因素制定相应措施，重视性病患者和>50岁女性的筛查工作，进行有效干预。“,”Objective:To investigate the prevalence and genotype distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and the correlation between cervical lesions and analyze the risk factors for HR-HPV infection.Methods:In June 2018, a population-based study for cervical cancer screening in Tuoli county of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was conducted. A total of 2 000 Kazak women aged 25-64 years were included in the study. Three cervical exfoliated cells samples were collected from them for careHPV, PCR HPV, p16n INK4a, and liquid-based cytology (LBC) tests. Women with any positive test were referred for colposcopy with biopsies taken at abnormal sites. Histo-pathological diagnoses were used as the gold standard.n Results:The overall prevalence of HPV was 14.55%, among which the infection rate of HR-HPV was 12.90%, which was even higher in the 50-54 years age group. The most prevalent genotypes of HR-HPV were HPV16 (2.80%), HPV51(2.35%), HPV52 (1.70%), HPV56 (1.50%), and HPV39 (1.20%). The most common HPV infection was a single infection (71.48%). In the age group of 50-54 years, the multiple infection rates were higher, with the majority of double infection (69.88%), and HPV42 and 56 were the most common co-infection types. HPV16 (31.82%), HPV51 (27.27%) and HPV18 (13.64%) were higher in cervical intraepithelial neplasia grade 1, HPV16 (57.14%) was higher in cervical intraepithelial neplasia grade 2, and HPV16 (55.56%) and HPV18 (33.33%) were higher in cervical intraepithelial neplasia grade 3 or worse. Results from the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher education, menopause, and syphilis infection increased the HPV infection.Conclusions:The most common prevalence genotypes of HR-HPV among Kazak women were HPV16, HPV51, and HPV52. The infection rate of HR-HPV among Kazak women was correlated with education level, menopausal status, and syphilis infection. Measures should be taken targeting high-risk factors. This result suggests that STD patients and women aged 50 and above should be encouraged for screening.