一、表层结构——人与自然的斗争“硬汉”圣地亚哥必须独自面对失败并忍受随之而来的痛苦。在出海的三天时间中,他克服了种种困难,依靠坚强的毅力坚持到了最后。即使在别人看来是机会渺茫,但乐观让他拥有信心直到最后的胜利。人们认为他战胜了大鱼,所以他征服了自然。但圣地亚哥是否真的征服了自然?这个问题值得斟酌。 First, the surface structure - the struggle between man and nature “tough guy ” Santiago must face the failure alone and endure the ensuing pain. During the three days going to sea, he overcame all kinds of difficulties and persisted in the final reliance on strong perseverance. Even though there seems to be little chance for others, optimism gives him the confidence to finally win. People think he beat the big fish, so he conquered nature. But does Santiago really conquer nature? This question deserves consideration.