世界各国武装部队正逐渐将设计重点从武器移向传感器和跟踪系统。这种变化的原因主要有三个。第一,今天的武器比过去战争中,甚至比越南战争这样的近代战争中使用的武器,要精确和有效得多。第二,现代武器大多数成本高,以至大部份国家的经费限制使武装部队能够装备的武器数量受到限制。第三,首先命中几乎是毫无疑问的,因此能首先看到对方并射击的战斗员,获胜的可能性最大。这些因素加速了电-光技术的发展。这些发展则导致装甲车辆、防空、直升机、步兵和遥控飞行器五个武器系统领域的作战效能大大提高。电-光系统中通常包含激光和热成像这两种技术。它们往往是火控系统或目标捕获系统这样的高水平系统的主要子系统。热成像系统是用于探测目标和背景发射的红外能量的被动电-光装置。热成像技术使我们能在绝对黑暗中和通过烟、尘观看,而不会被 Armed forces in various countries of the world are gradually shifting their design focus from weapons to sensors and tracking systems. There are three main reasons for this change. First, today’s weapons are much more accurate and much more effective than the weapons used in modern warfare, such as the Vietnam War, even in the past. Second, most modern weapons are costly and, as a result, the financial constraints in most countries have limited the amount of weapons the Armed Forces can equip. Third, the first hit is almost undoubtedly the first to see each other and firing combatants, the most likely to win. These factors have accelerated the development of electro-optic technology. These developments have led to much improved operational effectiveness in the five weapons systems of armored vehicles, air defense, helicopters, infantry and remotely piloted aircraft. Electro-optical systems usually include both laser and thermal imaging techniques. They are often the main subsystems of high-level systems such as fire control systems or target capture systems. The thermal imaging system is a passive electro-optic device used to detect the infrared energy emitted by the target and the background. Thermography allows us to see in the dark and through smoke and dust without being