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随着城市人口逐渐超越农村人口,中国正面临着人口空间分布的突然变化。为了吸取别国的经验教训,探讨其他发展中国家特别是巴西的城市化进程显得尤为必要。从一定程度上说,在协调城市化发展和改善居民生活质量方面,巴西或者世界上一些发展中国家是不成功的。拉美大城市是城市浮肿的样本,很大一部分群体被排斥在公共服务体系之外。这不仅体现在很多地区缺少合适的基础设施,也体现在拉丁美洲大城市特有的高程度的暴力。本文叙述了巴西的经验教训。首先,作者叙述了巴西城市化进程的决定因素,尤其是自1930年到1980年危机的工业化进程;其次,探讨了国内人口迁移的刺激因素,特别是巴西东南部的工业集中化和其他地区的经济衰退;最后,讨论这一轮劳动力吸收的特点和严重社会不平等的根源。
As the urban population gradually surpasses the rural population, China is facing a sudden change in the spatial distribution of its population. In order to learn from the experiences and lessons of other countries, it is necessary to explore the process of urbanization in other developing countries, especially in Brazil. To a certain extent, Brazil or some developing countries in the world is unsuccessful in coordinating urbanization and improving the quality of life for residents. Large cities in Latin America are swollen samples of cities, and a large part of them are excluded from the public service system. This is reflected not only in the lack of suitable infrastructure in many areas but also in the high levels of violence that are characteristic of large Latin American cities. This article describes Brazil’s experiences and lessons. First, the author describes the determinants of the process of urbanization in Brazil, particularly the process of industrialization of the crisis from 1930 to 1980. Second, it explores the stimulus for domestic migration, particularly industrial concentration in southeastern Brazil and other regions Economic recession; and finally, to discuss the characteristics of this round of labor absorption and the root causes of serious social inequality.