Objective:To analyze scrum leptin levels in patients with malaria falciparum and compare them with healthy controls and correlate with development and outcome of malaria infection.Methods:Sixty cases of malaria falciparum were included in this study as patients.Thirty healthy individuals of comparable age,racial and body mass index were taken as controls.All patients were diagnosed by clinical picture and the presence of malaria parasites in blood film.Estimation of liver function test,kidney function test,complete blood count,fasting blood sugar,fasting serum insulin,pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNFα)and interleukin 1(IL1),estimation of morning serum leptin and calculation of body mass index(kg/m~2)were done in both groups on the day of admission,on discharge and 7 d after discharge.Results:At admission,leptin levels were significantly higher in patients group than in control while lasting serum insulin levels were not significantly different between the two groups.There were significant increases as regard to TNFαand IL1 in malaria patients.Significant differences were observed between the control and the patient group for leptin,TNFαand IL1 at the time of admission and discharge.After discharge for 7 d.a significant decline in scrum leptin levels,TNFαand IL1 in the patients group was observed as compared with time of admission and time of discharge,a positive correlation between serum leptin levels and TNFαand IL1.Conclusions:Leptin hormone level might play an important role in development and outcome of malaria infection. Objective: To analyze scrum leptin levels in patients with malaria falciparum and compare them with healthy controls and correlate with development and outcome of malaria infection. Methods: Sixty cases of malaria falciparum were included in this study as patients. Thirty healthy individuals of comparable age, All the patients were diagnosed by clinical picture and the presence of malaria parasites in blood film. Estimation of liver function test, kidney function test, complete blood count, fasting blood sugar, fasting serum insulin, pro -inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 1 (IL1), estimation of morning serum leptin and calculation of body mass index (kg / m ~ 2) were done in both groups on the day of admission, on discharge and 7 d after discharge. Results: At admission, leptin levels were significantly higher in patients group than in control while holding serum insulin insulin levels were not significantly different between the two groups. There were significant increases in as regard to TNFα and IL1 in malaria patients. Identifant differences were observed between the control and the patient group for leptin, TNFα and IL1 at the time of admission and discharge. After discharge for 7 da significant decline in scrum leptin levels , TNFαand IL1 in the patients group was observed as compared with time of admission and time of discharge, a positive correlation between serum leptin levels and TNFα and IL1.Conclusions: Leptin hormone level might play an important role in development and outcome of malaria infection.