一、引言“国际法在19世纪——主要是在其下半叶——最为显著的扩张,或许要属于远东进入国际法的范围这一事件了,”1947年,努斯鲍姆(Arthur Nussbaum)在一本奠基性的国际法史专著中如是写到。的确,正是在这个世纪的下半叶,国际法/国际法学得以传播至旧大陆的遥远尽头——中国和日本。1864年,在美国驻华公使蒲安臣 I. INTRODUCTION “The most significant expansion of international law in the 19th century, mainly in the second half of its history, may be something of the Far East’s entry into the sphere of international law.” 1947 Arthur Nussbaum ) Wrote in a groundbreaking monograph on the history of international law. Indeed, it is in the second half of this century that international law / international law can spread far beyond the old continent - China and Japan. In 1864, the United States Minister to the mainland Pu Anchen