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在不同颜色地膜覆盖和种植密度条件下地温和作物产量将发生改变,为了研究其变化规律,2016年在沈阳农业大学水利学院试验场开展了玉米覆膜种植田间试验,设置了3种种植方式(裸地、透明地膜和黑色地膜覆盖)和3个种植密度(60000、75000和90000株·hm~(-2))的田间试验,对玉米田间地温和产量进行了对比研究。结果表明:不同处理下田间0~25 cm深度平均地温的日变化呈现正态分布规律,总体上,透明地膜地温高于黑色地膜和裸地,低密度处理地温高于高密度处理;裸地种植条件下,玉米产量随密度的提高先增加后减小,覆膜处理下产量随着种植密度的增加而增加;黑膜处理下的玉米产量高于透明地膜和裸地,黑膜覆盖处理、密度为90000株·hm~(-2)的组合产量达到最大,为14264.6kg·hm~(-2);产量与抽穗期的地温相关性最大,且表现为负相关关系。本文研究结果对提高东北雨养区玉米产量具有指导意义。
In order to study its variation, the yield of mild crops under different color mulching and planting densities will be changed. In 2016, a field experiment was conducted in the field of plastic film mulching cultivation of Shenyang Agricultural University, and three planting methods Field and transparent mulching and black mulching) and three planting densities (60 000, 75 000 and 90 000 hm -2) were compared in field trials. The results showed that the diurnal variation of average ground temperature at depths of 0-25 cm in different treatments showed a normal distribution. Generally, the ground temperature of the transparent plastic film was higher than that of the black plastic film and bare land. The ground temperature of low density treatment was higher than that of high density treatment. Under the conditions, the yield of maize increased first and then decreased with the increase of density, and the yield of maize increased with the increase of planting density under the plastic film mulching. The yield of maize under the black mulching was higher than that of the transparent mulch and bare land, The combination yield of 90 000 plants · hm -2 was the highest, which was 14264.6 kg · hm -2. The correlation between yield and heading date was the largest and showed a negative correlation. The results of this paper are instructive for improving maize yield in rainfed areas of northeastern China.