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目的测量股骨小转子附近股动脉、股神经间隙,为经股动脉、股神经间隙手术入路提供解剖学依据。方法取20侧成人下肢标本,观察股骨小转子附近股动脉主干与股神经最内侧分支间隙,测量股骨小转子最高点水平及其近端4、2、0cm,远端2、4、6cm处间隙距离,同时测量股骨小转子最高点与旋股外侧动脉起始部的水平距离。结果股动脉主干与股神经最内侧分支间隙内,6侧下肢标本中可见细小神经11支,2侧下肢可见小动脉2支,1侧下肢可见淋巴管1支;股骨小转子近端4cm水平间隙距离为(8.01±2.71)mm,近端2cm水平间隙距离为(9.65±2.60)mm,股骨小转子最高点水平间隙距离为(10.12±2.91)mm,股骨小转子远端2cm水平间隙距离为(9.89±2.74)mm,远端4cm水平间隙距离为(9.58±2.86)mm,远端6cm水平间隙距离为(8.39±2.99)mm,股骨小转子最高点距旋股外侧动脉起始部的水平距离为(12.56±9.74)mm。结论股骨小转子附近股动脉主干与股神经间有一定间隙,间隙内解剖结构简单,无重要血管神经结构;手术切口可根据具体位置取股动脉搏动点稍偏外,以减少对重要血管神经结构的误伤。
Objective To measure the femoral artery and femoral nerve near the femoral trochanter to provide anatomical basis for the approach of femoral artery and femoral nerve interspace. Methods 20 adult adult lower extremity specimens were taken for observation of the femoral branch near the femoral trochanter and the innermost branch of the femoral nerve. The highest level of the femoral trochanter was measured and the proximal 4, 0 and 0 cm, distal 2,4,6 cm Distance, at the same time measuring the highest point of femoral trochanter and spinous artery lateral origin of the horizontal distance. Results The femoral artery trunk and the femoral nerve in the most inner branch of the gap, the 6 side of the lower extremity specimens can be seen in 11 small nerves, two lower extremity can be seen in 2 small arteries, 1 side of the lower limb can be seen in 1 lymphatic vessels; proximal femur small 4cm horizontal gap (8.01 ± 2.71) mm, the distance of 2 cm horizontal gap at the proximal end was (9.65 ± 2.60) mm, the horizontal gap distance of the highest point of the femoral trochanter was (10.12 ± 2.91) mm, and the horizontal distance of the distal 2 cm horizontal femoral trochanter was ( 9.89 ± 2.74) mm, the distance of distal 4cm horizontal gap was (9.58 ± 2.86) mm, and the distance of distal 6cm horizontal gap was (8.39 ± 2.99) mm. The horizontal distance of the highest point of femoral small trochanter from the origin of lateral femoral artery (12.56 ± 9.74) mm. Conclusion There is a certain gap between the femoral artery and the femoral nerve near the femoral trochanter. The anatomy of the gap is simple and has no important vascular nerve structure. The surgical incision can take the femoral artery pulsation point slightly off-site according to the specific location to reduce the influence on the important vascular nerve structure The accidental injury.