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民主、宪政与共和是现代国家政法制度中不可缺少的部分,中国在过去一百年中,共出现十部宪法,可见中国一直在探索着宪政的道路。本文试在总结前辈学人的研究成果的基础上,考察西方宪政国家的制度以及自由主义传统,深入分析中国文化传统特别是政治文化传统,寻找一条最适合中国国情的宪政主义道路。本文主要从文化与制度两个方面入手,分析文化制度的历史渊源并联系现代实际,强调支撑制度存在的文化意识的重要性,并阐述其中的含义。
Democracy, constitutionalism and republicanism are indispensable parts of the political and legal system in modern countries. Over the past hundred years, China has seen a total of ten constitutions. Thus, China has been exploring the road to constitutional government. On the basis of summarizing the achievements of predecessors, this paper examines the constitutional and liberal traditions of the Western constitutional government, deeply analyzes the Chinese cultural traditions, especially the political and cultural traditions, and looks for a constitutionalist road best suited to China’s national conditions. This article mainly from two aspects of culture and system, analyzes the historical origin of the cultural system and links with the modern reality, emphasizes the importance of the cultural awareness of the existence of the support system, and elaborates its meaning.