早在1928年,Bethe在研究晶体的谱项分裂时就首先提出了晶体场理论,但直到五十年代后,该理论才被化学界重视,并逐渐较广泛地用来处理无机化学(特别是络合物化学)中的化学键问题。晶体场理论认为:金属离子与其周围配位体所形成的络合物的化学键强度是由纯静电作用能以及附加的晶体场稳定化能(CFSE)这两部份决定的。络合物中金属离子的d电子进入分裂后的d轨道的方式取决于轨道分裂能△ As early as 1928, Bethe first proposed the theory of the crystal field when he studied the splitting of the crystal spectrum, but it was not until 1950s that the theory was valued by chemistry and gradually used to deal with inorganic chemistry (especially Complex chemistry) in the chemical bond problems. The crystal field theory states that the chemical bond strength of a complex formed by a metal ion and its surrounding ligands is determined by the pure electrostatic interaction energy and the additional field stability of the crystal (CFSE). The way in which the d electrons of the metal ions in the complex enter the split d orbit depends on the orbital splitting energy Δ