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1961年前城镇知识青年主要以“下乡”为主,尽管“下乡”的宣传组织力度非常大,但下乡人数有限,而且每次“下乡”热潮随着社会经济的复苏多会停止,并出现下乡知青返城的情况。真正推动“下乡上山”运动的是青年农民的移民和复员军人的开发边疆。1961年后,知识青年的安置转向以“上山”为主,并被纳入国家计划。随着知青“上山下乡”运动政治色彩日益浓厚,社会影响不断扩大,“上山下乡”的说法被固定下来并一直沿用至今。
Prior to 1961, young urban educated youth mainly focused on “going to the countryside ”. Although the propaganda organization of “going to the countryside” was very strong, the number of people going to the countryside was limited, and every time the “going to the countryside” boom followed society Most of the economic recovery will cease and the return of educated youth from the countryside to the cities will occur. The real push for “going to the countryside” is the development of the immigrants and the demobilized soldiers for the young peasants. After 1961, the placement of knowledgeable youth turned mainly to “Shangshan” and was incorporated into the national plan. As the educated youth “going to the countryside ” campaign has become more political and political, and its social influence has been constantly expanding. The saying “going to the countryside” has been fixed and has been in use ever since.