随着医学科学的发展和人民生活水平的提高,严重危害婴幼儿健康的传染性疾病已基本控制,婴幼儿营养性疾病发病率也已显著降低。这样,出生缺陷就构成了婴幼儿死亡的主要原因。另外,随着现代化工业的发展和环境污染的日趋加重,出生缺陷的绝对发病数也在明显上升,给社会和家长带来了沉重的负担。在引起出生缺陷的各种原因中,环境中的化学因素占有重要地位。50年代甲基汞污染水源引起先天水俣病,60年代初反应停诱发近万例残肢畸形,唤起了各国对化学致畸的重视。二十多年来的研究,畸 With the development of medical science and the improvement of people’s living standards, infectious diseases that seriously endanger the health of infants and young children have been basically controlled, and the incidence of nutritional diseases in infants and young children has also been significantly reduced. In this way, birth defects constitute the main cause of infant deaths. In addition, with the development of modern industry and the increasing pollution of the environment, the absolute incidence of birth defects has also risen sharply, posing a heavy burden on society and parents. Among the various causes of birth defects, the chemical factors in the environment play an important role. In the 1950s, methylmercury pollution of water caused congenital Minamata disease. In the early 1960s, nearly ten thousand cases of residual limb deformities were evoked, which aroused the attention of all countries to chemical teratogenicity. More than two decades of research, abnormal