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革命的俄羅斯居民的識字比率是很低的。列寧在一九二二年曾指出:沙皇政府反動政策所造成的結果,使五分之四的學齡兒童不能獲得文化、知識和教育。婦女識字的百分比還要低於男子識字的百分比三倍。俄羅斯的北部和東部各族人民差不多完全不識字。根據一八九七年的戶口調查,耶庫脫民族識字的百分比是百分之○·七,土爾克明是百分之○·七,烏茲別克是百分之一·六。斯大林同志說:“沙皇政府故意在邊區施行宗法的封建的壓迫,以使民眾停滯在奴隸与無知的狀態中”(馬克思主義与民族問題,俄文版第六一頁)。因此,偉大的十月社會主義革命一開始,就把掃除少年和成年人的文盲與半文盲的問題提出來,作為首要任務之一。這種任務的提出是很自然的。
The literacy rate of revolutionary Russian residents is very low. Lenin pointed out in 1922 that as a result of the reactionary policy of the Tsarist government, four fifths of school-age children lacked access to culture, knowledge and education. The percentage of women literacy is also three times lower than the percentage of literacy of men. Russia’s northern and eastern peoples are almost completely illiterate. According to the 1897 household survey, the percentage of people of ethnic origin in Yakushu is 0.7%. Turku is 0.7% and Uzbekistan is 1.6%. Comrade Stalin said: “The tsarist government deliberately imposed patriarchal feudal oppression on the border so that the people would remain in a state of slavery and ignorance” (Marxism and Ethnology, p. 61). Therefore, at the outset of the great October Socialist Revolution, the issue of eliminating illiteracy and semi-illiteracy among adolescents and adults was put forward as one of the first tasks. This task is proposed is very natural.