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【目的】定量研究玛纳斯河流域(以下简称玛河流域)不同地貌类型和植被覆盖下的土壤物理性质,以期为深入研究玛河流域盐碱土改良和农业生产耕作提供科学参考。【方法】综合考虑玛纳斯河流域干三角洲、冲积平原和冲积扇扇缘带三种主要地貌类型和植被覆盖的不同,对其上生长的柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)、盐穗木(Halostachys caspica)、猪毛菜(Salsola spp.)、小叶碱蓬(Suaeda microphyll)四种植被覆盖类型下的土壤含水率、土壤容重、颗粒组成和有机质进行研究,并利用SPSS13.0软件对土壤各项物理指标进行方差分析。【结果】从干三角洲到扇缘带,0～100 cm剖面内土壤平均含水率和有机质逐渐升高;土壤平均容重表现为干三角洲>扇缘带>冲积平原区;颗粒组成干三角洲砂粒含量为58.04%,达到最大,冲积平原区主要以粉粒为主,为56.21%。在立地垂直剖面上,随着土壤深度的增加,土壤含水率和容重均表现出显著性升高;土壤有机质显著性降低。相比对照的空裸地,四种植被类型在0～100 cm剖面内土壤平均含水率分别提高了19.03%、8.93%、8.20%、13.18%;土壤平均容重分别降低了13.07%、7.95%、16.48%、2.84%,平均土壤有机质含量分别提高了70.44%、39.41%、5.63%、14.05%;平均砂粒含量分别降低了35.57%、27.50%、15.97%、17.72%。【结论】玛纳斯河流不同地貌和植被类型下的土壤物理性质存在在显著差异性;相比空裸地,耐盐盐生植物,可以增加植被覆盖度,提高土壤保水能力,对流域农业垦区盐碱土的改良具有重要的意义。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to quantitatively study the soil physical properties under different landform types and vegetation cover in the Manas River Basin in order to provide a scientific reference for the further study on the improvement of saline-alkali soil and agricultural production in the Manhe River Basin. 【Method】 Tamarix ramosissima, Halostachys caspica, Trifolium pratense were planted on the basis of the three main landform types and the vegetation cover in the dry delta, alluvial plain and alluvial fan margin of Manasi River Basin. Salsola spp. And Suaeda microphyll under different vegetation cover types. The soil water content, soil bulk density, grain composition and organic matter under four vegetation cover types were studied. SPSS13.0 software was used to analyze the physical indexes An analysis of variance. 【Result】 The average soil water content and organic matter in 0 ~ 100 cm section increased gradually from dry delta to fan margin zone. The average soil bulk density showed dry delta> fan margin> alluvial plain. 58.04%, reaching the maximum, alluvial plain mainly powder, accounting for 56.21%. In vertical vertical section, with the increase of soil depth, both soil moisture content and bulk density showed significant increase; soil organic matter decreased significantly. Compared with the control, the average soil water content of the four vegetation types increased by 19.03%, 8.93%, 8.20% and 13.18% respectively in the 0-100 cm section; the average soil bulk density decreased by 13.07% and 7.95% 16.48% and 2.84% respectively. The average soil organic matter content increased by 70.44%, 39.41%, 5.63% and 14.05% respectively. The average sand content decreased by 35.57%, 27.50%, 15.97% and 17.72% respectively. 【Conclusion】 There are significant differences in soil physical properties under different landforms and vegetation types in the Manas River. Compared with bare land and salt-tolerant halophytes, vegetation coverage can be increased and soil water retention capacity can be increased. For agricultural reclamation areas Saline-alkali soil improvement is of great significance.