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目的调查某铝电企业电解铝车间作业环境中氟化物分布及工人接触情况,探讨接触氟化物对工人健康的影响。方法选取171名接触氟化物的职工作为接触组,不接触氟化物的105名职工为对照组,开展作业现场氟化物检测与职业健康检查,数据资料采用SPSS 11.5进行统计学分析。结果对电解铝车间的17个检测点进行氟化物浓度检测,检测结果为0.5~2.6 mg/m3,超标率为68.6%。接触组共确诊Ⅰ期工业氟病2例、氟观察对象98例和氟斑牙62例,对照组仅有2例显示胫骨后骨膜反应。接触组类神经症状(头疼、头晕、失眠)、呼吸系统刺激症状(胸闷、咳嗽、咳痰、气短等)、四肢疼痛、关节痛及四肢麻木、心电图异常的检出率与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论氟化物对作业工人身体影响严重,应引起相关部门重视;另外,要防止多种低浓度毒物对机体的联合毒作用。
Objective To investigate fluoride distribution and worker exposure in the operating environment of an aluminum plant in an aluminum electric enterprise and to explore the impact of exposure to fluoride on workers’ health. Methods A total of 171 workers exposed to fluoride were selected as the exposure group and 105 workers without fluoride exposure as the control group. Fluoride testing and occupational health examination were conducted on the job site. The data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5. Results Fluoride concentration was tested on 17 test spots in electrolytic aluminum plant. The test result was 0.5-2.6 mg / m3, and the exceeding standard rate was 68.6%. In the contact group, 2 cases of industrial fluorosis Ⅰ, 98 cases of fluorosis and 62 cases of dental fluorosis were diagnosed. Only 2 cases showed the posterior tibial periosteal reaction in the control group. Compared with the control group, the neurological symptoms such as headache, dizziness and insomnia, respiratory irritation (chest tightness, cough, sputum, shortness of breath), limb pain, joint pain and numbness of limbs, The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Conclusion Fluoride has a serious impact on the workers and should pay attention to the relevant departments. In addition, it is necessary to prevent the joint toxic effects of various low-concentration poisons on the body.