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目的探讨2005-2012年济南市细菌性痢疾(简称菌痢)的流行特征,掌握其流行规律,为进一步控制该病流行,及时修改并制定预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对2005-2012年济南市菌痢发病资料进行分析。结果 2005-2012年济南市共报告菌痢发病11 339例,发病率呈逐年下降,年均发病率为22.50/10万;每年发病集中在6-9月,发病高峰期为7-8月,发病具有明显的季节性;年均发病率自城市中心区到周边郊区逐渐降低,占前三位的是市中区、天桥区、槐荫区,年均发病率分别为38.69/10万,37.33/10万和36.60/10万,发病率最低的是章丘、济阳,年均发病率分别为9.71/10万,8.66/10万;发病人群以散居儿童和学生为主,其次是农民;发病率年龄段以0~,1~,2~为最高;男女发病率比例为1.29∶1(χ2=22.17,P<0.001);大部分为临床诊断病例,实验室确诊率仅为15%。结论济南市近8年来菌痢发病率逐年下降,散居儿童、学生和农民为重点防治对象,需提高菌痢的实验室确诊率,以降低菌痢临床诊断的误诊率,应在本病流行季节加强对重点人群和重点地区的教育防治工作。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of bacillary dysentery in Jinan City from 2005 to 2012 and to grasp the epidemiological rules of the disease in order to provide a scientific basis for further control of the epidemic, timely modification and formulation of preventive and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence of dysentery in Jinan from 2005 to 2012. Results A total of 11 339 cases of dysentery were reported in Jinan City from 2005 to 2012, with the incidence decreasing year by year with an average annual incidence of 22.50 / 100 000. The annual incidence was concentrated in June-September and the peak incidence was from July to August. The incidence was obviously seasonal. The average annual morbidity decreased gradually from the center of the city to the surrounding suburbs. The top three were the downtown area, the flyover area and the Huaiyin area with an average annual incidence rate of 38.69 / 100000 and 37.33 / 100,000 and 36.60 / 100,000, respectively. The lowest incidence rates were Zhangqiu and Jiyang, with an average annual incidence of 9.71 / 10 million and 8.66 / 10 million respectively. The affected population was mainly composed of scattered children and students, followed by peasants. The incidence rate of age was 0 ~, 1 ~, 2 ~ as the highest. The incidence rate of males and females was 1.29:1 (χ2 = 22.17, P <0.001). Most of the cases were clinically diagnosed and the laboratory diagnosis rate was only 15%. Conclusion The incidence of bacillary dysentery in Jinan has been declining year by year. Diving children, students and peasants are the key prevention and treatment targets. The laboratory diagnosis rate of bacillary dysentery should be increased to reduce the misdiagnosis rate of clinical diagnosis of bacillary dysentery. Strengthen the education and prevention of key populations and key areas.