灾害对人类及其生活环境具有巨大的破坏力。各种灾害事故中,除了自然灾害之外,还有由于人类直接或间接责任所致的灾祸。大量破坏性的自然灾害,如人们所见的地震,常可致成千上万的人伤亡。火山爆发、巨大塌方和泥石流均可带来灾难性后果。水是人和动植物赖以生存的物质,也能引起大规模的灾害。狂风暴雨、大坝决日以及季节性 Disasters have a devastating impact on people and their living environment. Among various disasters, apart from natural disasters, there are also catastrophes caused by the direct or indirect human responsibility. A large number of destructive natural disasters, such as those seen by people, can often cause hundreds of thousands of casualties. Volcanic eruptions, huge landslides and debris flows can all have disastrous consequences. Water is a substance that people and animals and plants depend on and can cause large-scale disasters. Storms, dams and the seasonal