电子计算机由五个基本部分组成,即运算器、控制器、存储器、输入和输出设备。其中运算器与控制器通常称为中央处理单元或中央处理机(CPU)。随着大规模集成电路工艺的发展,原来占满中心大柜的中央处理单元可以微缩在一片或几片大规模集成电路芯片上。通常把一片或几片芯片上集成具有 CPU 功能的大规模集成电路称为微处理 The computer consists of five basic components, namely, computing unit, controller, memory, input and output devices. The operators and controllers are commonly referred to as central processing units or central processing units (CPUs). With the development of large-scale integrated circuit technology, the central processing unit which occupies the center cabinet can be miniaturized in one or several large-scale integrated circuit chips. Usually one or a few chips integrated with CPU functions of large scale integrated circuits called micro-processing